A Systematic Review of the Ornamental Fish Trade with Emphasis on Coral Reef Fishes—An Impossible Task

Animals, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 2014 - 2014

Published: Nov. 1, 2020

The multi-billion dollar trade in ornamental fishes has rarely been reliably monitored. Almost all coral reef are wild-caught, and few scientific analyses have attempted to elicit exact quantities identify species involved. consequences of the removal millions these poorly understood. This article collates examines available information, including studies formal publications, order create a more accurate picture this commerce. We demonstrate that it is almost impossible analyse marine due lack data, data for frequently combined with freshwater species. Figures range from 15 30 million being traded annually, but could be as high 150 specimens. global value was only estimated 1976 1999 between USD 28-40 million. review highlights urgent need introduce specific harmonised system tariff code monitoring system, such Trade Control Expert System already use Europe, gather timely information on number commerce, where specimens originated, whether they were wild-caught or captive-bred.

Language: Английский

---

Environmental impacts due to the use of sunscreen products: a mini-review

Ecotoxicology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 1331 - 1345

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Sunscreen use has increased in recent years, as sunscreen products minimize the damaging effects of solar radiation. Active ingredients called ultraviolet (UV) filters or UV agents, either organic inorganic, responsible for defending skin tissue against harmful rays, are incorporated formulations. agents have a serious impact on many members bio communities, and they transferred to environment directly indirectly. Many found be accumulated marine environments because high values octanol/water partition coefficient. However, due fact that not stable water, unwanted by-products may formed. Experimental studies field observations shown tend bioaccumulate various aquatic animals, such corals, algae, arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms, vertebrates. This review was conducted order understand both biota. In vivo vitro show wide range adverse exposed organisms. Coral bleaching receives considerable attention, but scientific data identify potential toxicities endocrine, neurologic, neoplastic developmental pathways. more controlled environmental long-term human limited. Several jurisdictions prohibited specific filters, this does adequately address dichotomy benefits photoprotection vs lack eco-friendly, safe, approved alternatives.

Language: Английский

---

An assessment of people living by coral reefs over space and time

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(23), P. 7139 - 7153

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

Human populations near ecosystems are used as both a proxy for dependency on ecosystems, and conversely to estimate threats. Consequently, the number of people living coral reefs is often in regional reef management, evaluation risk at global scales, even considerations funding needs. their statistics, ever-changing data relating have not been updated regularly. Here, we present an up-to-date analysis abundance, density within 5-100 km along with population proportion, using freely available sets replicable methods. We trends changes human over 20-year time period (2000-2020), divided by region country, socio-economic denominations such country income category Small Island Developing States (SIDS). find that across 117 countries there currently close billion 100 (~13% population) compared 762 million 2000. Population growth higher than averages. The Indian Ocean saw 33% increase 71% 5 km. There 60 100% reefs. In SIDS, proportion total extremely high: 94% 2020. 5-10 from 4× average. From km, more lower-middle-income live any other category. Our findings provide most extensive statistics nation-level differences play large role health survival.

Language: Английский

---

Sources and discharge of nitrogen pollution from agriculture and wastewater in the Mesoamerican Reef region

Ocean & Coastal Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 106269 - 106269

Published: July 18, 2022

Land-based nitrogen pollution is a major threat to coastal ecosystems, especially in tropical regions home high biodiversity habitats such as coral reefs and seagrass beds. The sustained addition of excess nutrients (in the form nitrates) these which are adapted oligotrophic environments, disrupts ecosystem function ability provide services that support livelihoods benefit human well-being. Nitrogen (N) primarily originates from agricultural crop production, livestock waste, sewage, well excretion seabird feral ungulates for some small atolls cayes. Determining most effective mitigation strategies reduce N given location begins with identifying quantifying input source. Here we model four sources – wastewater generated permanent residents seasonal populations at regional scale, measuring inputs impacts 430 watersheds drain into Mesoamerican Reef region. We find leaching fertilizer production runoff associated contribute majority (92%), while contributions residential tourism were lower (8%). A north-south divide was observed, south, Guatemala Honduras, highest levels pollution. top 20 polluting contributed nearly 90% percent all analyzed MAR, (11) located southern part MAR. two on their own, Rio Ulua, Motagua, Guatemala, approximately 50% total However, more exposed plumes originating smaller, watersheds. Our approach provides map region highlighting hotspots managers target mitigation, main sectors industries engage when designing solutions.

Language: Английский

---

Limiting motorboat noise on coral reefs boosts fish reproductive success

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 20, 2022

Abstract Anthropogenic noise impacts are pervasive across taxa, ecosystems and the world. Here, we experimentally test hypothesis that protecting vulnerable habitats from pollution can improve animal reproductive success. Using a season-long field manipulation with an established model system on Great Barrier Reef, demonstrate limiting motorboat activity reefs leads to survival of more fish offspring compared experiencing busy traffic. A complementary laboratory experiment isolated importance and, in combination study, showed enhanced success protected is likely due improvements parental care length. Our results suggest mitigation could have benefits carry through population-level by increasing adult output growth, thus helping protect coral human presenting valuable opportunity for enhancing ecosystem resilience.

Language: Английский

---

Hierarchical drivers of cryptic biodiversity on coral reefs

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 93(3)

Published: June 10, 2023

Abstract Declines in habitat structural complexity have marked ecological outcomes, as currently observed many of the world's ecosystems. Coral reefs provided a model for such changes marine ecosystems; still our understanding has been centered on corals and fishes at broad spatial scales when metazoan diversity coral is dominated by small cryptic taxa (herein: “cryptofauna”). Given paucity studies high taxonomic cryptofauna, both which limit priori hypotheses, we asked whether hierarchical structuring theory provides compelling framework to impose order quantify patterns. In general terms, explored communities are sufficiently described seascape parameters or limited set processes operating their distinctly nested microhabitat scale. To address this gaps knowledge characterized community structure rubble, an eroded condition where biodiversity proliferates. Rubble was sampled along depth exposure gradient Heron Island Great Barrier Reef, Australia, parameterize environmental morphological indicators sessile motile cryptofauna communities. We used study from scales, were evaluated using nonstructured multivariate analyses Bayesian equation modeling. While showed effects cryptobenthos its community, approach overlooked finer patterns rubble ecology revealed only structured model. Seascape (exposure depth) influenced (i.e., branchiness), determined cover organisms pieces, shaped community. likely be increasingly prevalent Anthropocene typically associated with low seascape‐level reduced macrofaunal richness. Parallel theory, similar response scale whereby branchiness) cryptobenthic structure, size spectra. future ocean, expect there may initial increase trophodynamic derived branching but delay ecosystem‐scale outcomes if coral, thus generation not sustained.

Language: Английский

---

Quantifying the ecological consequences of climate change in coastal ecosystems

Cambridge Prisms Coastal Futures, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Few coastal ecosystems remain untouched by direct human activities, and none are unimpacted anthropogenic climate change. These drivers interact with exacerbate each other in complex ways, yielding a mosaic of ecological consequences that range from adaptive responses, such as geographic shifts changes phenology, to severe impacts, mass mortalities, regime loss biodiversity. Identifying the role change these phenomena requires corroborating evidence multiple lines evidence, including laboratory experiments, field observations, numerical models palaeorecords. Yet few studies can confidently quantify magnitude effect attributable solely change, because seldom acts alone ecosystems. Projections future risk further complicated scenario uncertainty – is, our lack knowledge about degree which humanity will mitigate greenhouse-gas emissions, or make ways we impact Irrespective, ocean warming would be impossible reverse before end century, sea levels likely continue rise for centuries elevated millennia. Therefore, risks projected mirror impacts already observed, severity escalating cumulative emissions. Promising avenues progress beyond qualitative assessments include collaborative modelling initiatives, model intercomparison projects, use broader systems. But reduce rapidly reducing emissions greenhouse gases, restoring damaged habitats, regulating non-climate stressors using climate-smart conservation actions, implementing inclusive coastal-zone management approaches, especially those involving nature-based solutions.

Language: Английский

---

Changing dynamics of Great Barrier Reef hard coral cover in the Anthropocene

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 747 - 762

Published: May 14, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Utilization of green internet of things (GIoT) applications towards sustainable performance: The antecedents and consequences of carbon footprint

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 467, P. 142956 - 142956

Published: June 20, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Physical and cellular impact of environmentally relevant microplastic exposure on thermally challenged Pocillopora damicornis (Cnidaria, Scleractinia)

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 918, P. 170651 - 170651

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Microplastic pollution is an increasing threat to coral reefs, which are already strongly challenged by climate change-related heat stress. Although it known that scleractinian corals can ingest microplastic, little about their egestion and how microplastic exposure may impair at physiological cellular levels. In addition, the effects of current environmental concentration have been investigated date, particularly in impacted this study, combined these threats on Pocillopora damicornis were from a physical perspective. Colonies exposed three concentrations polyethylene beads (no beads: [No MP], 1 mg/L: [Low MP]; 10 [High MP]), two different temperatures (25 °C 30 °C) for 72 h. No visual signs stress corals, such as abnormal mucus production polyp extroflection, recorded. At adhered colonies ingested but also egested. Moreover, thermally stressed showed lower adhesion higher beads. Coral bleaching was observed with increase temperature bead concentration, indicated general decrease chlorophyll Symbiodiniaceae density. An lipid peroxidation measured MP] up-regulation response gene hsp70 due synergistic interaction both stressors. Overall, our findings still represents main P. damicornis, while effect microplastics health physiology be minor, especially control temperature. However, could exacerbate thermal homeostasis, even MP]. While reducing ocean warming critical preserving effective management emerging like equally essential.

Language: Английский

---