Neural correlates of emotional processing in trauma-related narratives

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition caused by the dysregulation or overgeneralization of memories related to traumatic events. Investigating interplay between explicit narrative and implicit emotional memory contributes better understanding mechanisms underlying PTSD. Methods This case–control study focused on two groups: unmedicated patients with PTSD trauma-exposed control (TEC) group who did not develop Experiments included real-time measurements blood oxygenation changes using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during trauma narration processing linguistic data through natural language (NLP). Results Real-time fNIRS monitoring showed that (mean [SD] Oxy-Hb activation, 0.153 [0.084], 95% CI 0.124 0.182) had significantly higher brain activity in left anterior medial prefrontal cortex (L-amPFC) within 10 s after expressing negative words compared (0.047 [0.026], 0.038 0.056; p < 0.001). In group, there was significant time-series correlation use activation L-amPFC (latency 3.82 s, slope = 0.0067, peak value 0.184, difference 0.273; Spearman’s r 0.727, contrast, cingulate remained state high (peak 0.153, 0.084) no apparent latency period. Conclusions display overactivity pathways associated rapid responses diminished regulation cognitive areas. Interventions targeting these may alleviate symptoms

Language: Английский

Syntax and Schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of comprehension and production

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 27, 2024

Summary Background People with schizophrenia exhibit notable difficulties in the use of everyday language. This directly impacts one’s ability to complete education and secure employment. An impairment understand generate correct grammatical structures (syntax) has been suggested as a key contributor; but studies have underpowered, often conflicting findings. It is also unclear if syntactic deficits are restricted subgroup patients, or generalized across broad spectrum patients irrespective symptom profiles, age, sex, illness severity. Methods We conducted systematic review meta-analysis, registered on OSF, adhering PRISMA guidelines, searching multiple databases up May 1, 2024. extracted effect sizes (Cohen’s d) variance differences (log coefficient variation ratio) 6 domains: 2 comprehension (understanding complex syntax, detection errors) 4 production (global complexity, phrasal/clausal utterance length, integrity) patient-control comparisons. Study quality/bias was assessed using modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Bayesian meta-analysis used estimate domain-specific effects differences. tested for potential moderators sufficient data (age, study quality, language spoken) conventional meta-regression sources heterogeneity between studies. Findings Overall, 45 (n=2960 unique participants, 64·4% English, 79 case-control contrasts, weighted mean age(sd)=32·3(5·6)) were included. Of patient samples, only 29·2% women. revealed extreme evidence all domains be affected large-sized (model-averaged d =0·65 1·01, overall random =0·86, 95% CrI [0·67-1·03]). Syntactic most domain. There global complexity (moderated by age), integrity quality), length. Robust BMA weak publication bias. Patients had small-to-medium-sized excess inter-individual variability than healthy controls understanding producing long utterances phrases (overall lnCVR =0·21, [0·07-0·36]), hinting at possible presence subgroups diverging performance. Interpretation robust schizophrenia. knowledge will improve measurement communication disturbances aid developing distinct interventions focussed syntax - rule-based feature that potentially amenable cognitive, educational, linguistic interventions. Research Context Evidence before this Prior documented significant among individuals psychosis levels. However, divergence—those affecting sentence structure grammar—have not consistently quantified systematically reviewed. initial literature indicated specific nature severity divergence, well their impact narrative speech production, burden, daily functioning, remain poorly defined. comprehensive search 2024, such PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web Science. Our terms combined psychosis, schizophrenia, comprehension, grammar, we identified scarcity meta-analytic focusing specifically divergence psychosis. Added value first quantitatively assess provides estimated associated impairments quantification within groups each domain impairment. Besides detailed examination under-researched domain, identify critical research gaps need addressed derive benefits from generated Implications available particularly production. These findings can enhance early approaches via speech/text readouts lead development targeted By highlighting deficits, offers valuable insights future therapeutic trials. supports creation personalized formats information educational plans aimed improving effectiveness any intervention offered verbal medium.

Language: Английский

Syntax and Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Comprehension and Production

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский