Why artificial light at night should be a focus for global change research in the 21st century

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 872 - 882

Published: Nov. 10, 2017

The environmental impacts of artificial light at night have been a rapidly growing field global change science in recent years. Yet, pollution has not achieved parity with other phenomena the level concern and interest it receives from scientific community, government nongovernmental organizations. This is despite globally widespread, expanding changing nature night-time lighting immediacy, severity phylogenetic breath its impacts. In this opinion piece, we evidence 10 reasons why should be focus for research 21st century. Our extend beyond those concerned principally environment, to also include on human health, culture biodiversity conservation more generally. We conclude that use will continue raise numerous ecological, health cultural issues, but opportunities exist mitigate by combining novel technologies sound evidence. potential gains appropriate management far indeed may play key role transitioning towards sustainable society.

Language: Английский

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Towards an urban marine ecology: characterizing the drivers, patterns and processes of marine ecosystems in coastal cities

Oikos, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 128(9), P. 1215 - 1242

Published: May 8, 2019

Human population density within 100 km of the sea is approximately three times higher than global average. People in this zone are concentrated coastal cities that hubs for transport and trade – which transform marine environment. Here, we review impacts interacting drivers urbanization (resource exploitation, pollution pathways ocean sprawl) discuss key characteristics symptomatic urban ecosystems. Current evidence suggests these systems comprise spatially heterogeneous mosaics with respect to artificial structures, pollutants community composition, while also undergoing biotic homogenization over time. Urban ecosystem dynamics often influenced by several commonly observed patterns processes, including loss foundation species, changes biodiversity productivity, establishment ruderal synanthropes novel assemblages. We potential acclimatization adaptation among taxa, interactive effects climate change urbanization, ecological engineering strategies enhancing By assimilating research findings across disparate disciplines, aim build groundwork ecology a nascent field; challenges future directions new field as it advances matures. Ultimately, all sides city design: architecture, planning civil municipal engineering, will need prioritize environment if negative be minimized. In particular, account accommodate complex system could enhance human functions

Language: Английский

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Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview tremendous variety light-detection strategies which have evolved in organisms - unicellular, plants animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), plethora ocular extra-ocular organs (animals). describe visual pigments permit photo-detection, paying attention to spectral characteristics, extend from ultraviolet into infrared. discuss how use light information a way crucial for development, growth survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, synchronization circadian clocks. These aspects are treated depth, as perturbation underlies much disruptive ALAN. goes detail on networks organisms, since these fundamental features critical importance regulating interface between environment body. Especially, hormonal synthesis secretion often under circannual control, hence clock will lead imbalance. addresses ubiquitous introduction light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or some cases reduce, generalized ever-increasing pollution. Numerous examples given widespread exposure ALAN is perturbing many plant animal behaviour foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization more. examine potential problems at level individual populations debate consequences ecosystems. stress, through few examples, synergistic harmful resulting impacts combined with other anthropogenic pressures, impact neuroendocrine loops vertebrates. article concludes by debating changes could be mitigated more reasonable available example restricting illumination essential areas hours, directing lighting avoid wasteful radiation selecting emissions, reduce end discussing society should take account potentially major has natural world repercussions ongoing human health welfare.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of artificial light at night in marine ecosystems—A review

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(18), P. 5346 - 5367

Published: May 18, 2022

Abstract The globally widespread adoption of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) began in the mid‐20th century. Yet, it is only last decade that a renewed research focus has emerged into its impacts on ecological and biological processes marine environment are guided by natural intensities, moon phase, light dark cycles daily spectra alterations. field diversified rapidly from one restricted to handful vertebrates, which have been quantified across broad array coastal habitats species. Here, we review current understanding ALAN diverse ecosystems. presents state knowledge key ecosystems (sandy rocky shores, coral reefs pelagic) taxa (birds sea turtles), introducing how can mask seabird turtle navigation, cause changes animals predation patterns failure spawning synchronization, as well inhibition zooplankton Diel Vertical Migration. Mitigation measures recommended, however, while strategies for mitigation were easily identified, barriers implementation poorly understood. Finally, point out gaps if addressed would aid prediction realm.

Language: Английский

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Increasing microhabitat complexity on seawalls can reduce fish predation on native oysters

Ecological Engineering, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 120, P. 637 - 644

Published: May 31, 2017

Language: Английский

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Artificial light at night causes reproductive failure in clownfish

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 20190272 - 20190272

Published: July 1, 2019

The Earth is getting brighter at night, as artificial light night (ALAN) continues to increase and extend its reach. Despite recent recognition of the damaging impacts ALAN on terrestrial ecosystems, research in marine systems comparatively lacking. To further our understanding organisms, this study examines how reproductive fitness common clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris influenced by presence ALAN. We assessed exposure low levels affects (i) frequency spawning, (ii) egg fertilization success, (iii) hatching success A. under control (12 : 12 day–night) treatment day–ALAN) regimes. While we found had no impact spawning or dramatic effects hatching. eggs incubated simply did not hatch, resulting zero survivorship offspring. These findings suggest can significantly reduce a benthic-spawning reef fish. Further field necessary fully understand extent population community dynamics wild.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring fish using imaging sonar: Capacity, challenges and future perspective

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 1347 - 1370

Published: June 29, 2022

Abstract The demand for fish products, which provide crucial protein humans, is rising as the global population grows. In contrast, stock declining due to human activity, environmental changes and overfishing. Fish monitoring provides valuable support data effective fishery management ecosystem conservation. common methods are based on manual sampling, time‐consuming, laborious intrusive. Imaging sonar a hydroacoustic system that produces acoustic images similar optical by transmitting receiving sound waves, allowing in situ of non‐intrusively dark turbid water environments where cameras limited. last decade, imaging sonar, especially high frequency multibeam forward‐looking side‐scan has been widely used monitoring. We reviewed literature from previous decade use these two types species identification, abundance estimation, length measurement behaviour analysis, well imagery processing concerning fish. review results show sonars efficient tools complex environments. challenges include (1) recognition small forming dense aggregations; (2) limits their species‐specific studies; (3) time‐consuming massive processing. Therefore, advanced algorithms integrations with other sampling technologies needed future development.

Language: Английский

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Artificial Lighting at Night in Estuaries—Implications from Individuals to Ecosystems

Estuaries and Coasts, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 309 - 330

Published: Nov. 21, 2018

Artificial lighting at night (ALAN) produced by urban, industrial, and roadway lighting, as well other sources, has dramatically increased in recent decades, especially coastal environments that support dense human populations. "lightscapes" are characterized distinct spatial, temporal, spectral patterns can alter natural of light dark with consequences across levels biological organization. At the individual level, ALAN elicit a suite physiological behavioral responses associated light-mediated processes such diel activity predator-prey interactions. also been shown to modify community composition trophic structure, implications for ecosystem-level including primary productivity, nutrient cycling, energetic linkages between aquatic terrestrial systems. Here, we review state science relative impacts on estuaries, which is an important step assessing long-term sustainability regions. We first consider how multiple properties (e.g., intensity content) influence interaction physiology behavior estuarine biota (drawing from studies invertebrates, fishes, birds). Second, link individual- community- responses, focus food webs ecosystem functions. Coastal communities ecosystems have identified key priority research, cohesive research framework will be critical understanding mitigating ecological consequences.

Language: Английский

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Live fast, die young: Behavioural and physiological impacts of light pollution on a marine fish during larval recruitment

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 908 - 914

Published: July 26, 2019

Language: Английский

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How dark is a river? Artificial light at night in aquatic systems and the need for comprehensive night‐time light measurements

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(6)

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are hotspots of biodiversity. They major importance for humans because they provide vital ecosystem services. However, as tend to settle near freshwaters and coastal areas, these also over‐proportionally affected by anthropogenic stressors. Artificial light at night can occur a form environmental pollution, pollution. Light pollution affects large areas on worldwide scale, is growing exponentially in radiance extent have diverse negative effects flora, fauna human health. While the majority ecological studies artificial covered terrestrial systems, aquatic unraveled impact organisms, functions well land‐water‐interactions. Although monitoring routinely performed from space supported ground‐based measurements, amount affecting water bodies still largely unknown. This information, however, essential design future laboratory field experiments, guide planners give recommendations regulations. We analyze this knowledge gap reviewing night‐time measurement techniques discuss their current obstacles context bodies. an overview context. Finally, we how comprehensive measurements specifically freshwater should be designed future. article categorized under: Water Life > Stresses Pressures Ecosystems Conservation, Management, Awareness Methods

Language: Английский

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