Journal of Water and Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(9), P. 1343 - 1363
Published: Aug. 11, 2022
Accelerated
mining
activities
have
increased
water
contamination
with
potentially
toxic
elements
(PTEs)
and
their
associated
human
health
risk
in
developing
countries.
The
current
study
investigated
the
distribution
of
PTEs,
potential
sources
assessment
both
ground
surface
non-mining
areas
Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
Water
samples
(n
=
150)
were
taken
from
selected
sites
analyzed
for
six
PTEs
(Ni,
Cr,
Zn,
Cu,
Pb
Mn).
Among
Cr
showed
a
high
mean
concentration
(497)
μg
L-1,
followed
by
Zn
(414)
L-1
area,
while
lowest
value
(4.44)
areas.
Elevated
concentrations
Ni,
moderate
level
Mohmand
District
exceeded
permissible
limits
set
WHO.
Multivariate
statistical
analyses
that
pollution
mainly
mafic-ultramafic
rocks,
acid
mine
drainage,
open
dumping
wastes
tailings.
hazard
quotient
(HQ)
was
highest
children
relative
to
adults,
but
not
higher
than
USEPA
limits.
index
(HI)
ingestions
all
lower
threshold
(HIing
<
1),
except
District,
which
HI
>1
through
ingestion.
Moreover,
carcinogenic
(CR)
values
Ni
(1.0E-04-1.0E-06).
In
order
protect
drinking
further
contamination,
management
techniques
policy
operations
need
be
implemented.
Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
55(6), P. 4688 - 4703
Published: May 16, 2019
Abstract
Lake
surface
water
temperature
(LSWT)
is
an
important
factor
of
ecological
environment.
In
the
context
global
warming,
LSWT
lakes
generally
reveals
upward
trend.
With
a
continuous
intensification
human
activities
and
rapid
expansion
impervious
surface,
urbanization
has
exerted
increasing
impact
on
environment,
so
cannot
be
ignored.
Because
special
geographical
location,
change
in
plateau
impacts
climate
diversity,
biodiversity,
cultural
diversity.
As
result,
it
critical
to
monitor
model
variation
characteristics
area.
Based
data
set
natural
factors
representing
activities,
this
study
proposes
classification
lake
types
by
K‐Means
clustering
method.
At
watershed
scale,
11
area
are
divided
into
three
types:
Natural
Lake,
Semi‐urban
Urban
(UL).
classification,
for
eleven
from
2001
2017
analyzed.
The
causal
relationship
contribution
rise
discussed.
Results
show
that
(1)
2017,
annual
mean
LSWT‐day/night
near‐surface
air
warming
trend,
significant
correlation
(
R
=
0.82,
α
0.0164
<
0.5)
same
periodicity,
which
indicates
one
main
influencing
Yunnan‐Guizhou
Plateau.
(2)
trend
UL
more
obvious
than
those
indicating
have
UL.
driving
population
increase.
(3)
influence
Plateau
becoming
significant,
also
causing
deterioration
environment
