Molecules,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
26(9), P. 2811 - 2811
Published: May 10, 2021
In
the
late
1930s
and
early
1940s,
it
was
discovered
that
substitution
on
aromatic
rings
of
hydrogen
atoms
with
chlorine
yielded
a
novel
chemistry
antimicrobials.
However,
within
few
years,
many
these
compounds
formulations
showed
adverse
effects,
including
human
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
unwanted
environmental
persistence
bioaccumulation,
quickly
leading
to
regulatory
bans
phase-outs.
Among
these,
triclocarban,
polychlorinated
antimicrobial
agent,
employed
as
major
ingredient
toys,
clothing,
food
packaging
materials,
industry
floors,
medical
supplies,
especially
personal
care
products,
such
soaps,
toothpaste,
shampoo.
Triclocarban
has
been
widely
used
for
over
50
but
only
recently
some
concerns
were
raised
about
its
endocrine
disruptive
properties.
September
2016,
U.S.
Food
Drug
Administration
banned
use
in
over-the-counter
hand
body
washes
because
toxicity.
The
withdrawal
triclocarban
prompted
efforts
search
new
several
analogues
have
also
studied.
this
review,
an
examination
different
facets
will
be
analyzed.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
27(14), P. 17268 - 17279
Published: March 9, 2020
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting
compounds
are
attracting
attention
worldwide
because
of
their
effects
on
living
things
in
the
environment.
Ten
endocrine
disrupting
compounds:
4-nonylphenol,
2,4-dichlorophenol,
estrone,
17β-estradiol,
bisphenol
A,
4-tert-octylphenol,
triclosan,
atrazine,
imidazole
and
1,2,4-triazole
were
investigated
four
rivers
wastewater
treatment
plants
this
study.
Rivers
sampled
at
upstream,
midstream
downstream
reaches,
while
influent
effluent
samples
collected
from
near
receiving
rivers.
Sample
waters
freeze-dried
followed
by
extraction
organic
content
purification
solid-phase
extraction.
Concentrations
determined
with
ultra-high
performance
liquid
chromatography-tandem
mass
spectrometry.
The
instrument
was
operated
positive
electrospray
ionization
(ESI)
mode.
results
showed
that
these
present
nonylphenol
>
dichlorophenol
A
triclosan
octylphenol
atrazine
triazole
estrone
estradiol.
Nonylphenol
has
its
highest
concentration
6.72
μg/L
King
Williams
Town
2.55
Bloukrans
River.
Dichlorophenol
Alice
2.20
μg/L,
it
0.737
Uitenhage
1.684
0.477
Generally,
upstream
had
lesser
concentrations
compounds.
not
able
to
achieve
total
removal
runoffs
wastes
dump
cities
contributed
