High‐throughput screening and environmental risk assessment: State of the science and emerging applications

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 12 - 26

Published: Dec. 20, 2018

ABSTRACT In 2007 the United States National Research Council (NRC) published a vision for toxicity testing in 21st century that emphasized use of vitro high‐throughput screening (HTS) methods and predictive models as an alternative to vivo animal testing. present study we examine state science HTS progress has been made implementing expanding on NRC vision, well challenges implementation remain. Overall, significant with regard availability data, aggregation chemical property information into online databases, development various frameworks support extrapolation data. However, data associated have not yet widely applied risk assessment. Major barriers include disconnect between endpoints measured assays assessment considered assessments rapid pace at which new tools are evolving contrast slow regulatory structures change. Nonetheless, there opportunities environmental scientists policymakers alike take impactful role ongoing vision. Six specific areas scientific coordination and/or policy engagement identified. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:12–26. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. behalf SETAC. This article is US government work and, such, public domain America.

Language: Английский

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Opinion paper about organic trace pollutants in wastewater: Toxicity assessment in a European perspective

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 651, P. 3202 - 3221

Published: Oct. 5, 2018

Language: Английский

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Towards a systematic use of effect biomarkers in population and occupational biomonitoring

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 106257 - 106257

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Effect biomarkers can be used to elucidate relationships between exposure environmental chemicals and their mixtures with associated health outcomes, but they are often underused, as underlying biological mechanisms not understood. We aim provide an overview of available effect for monitoring chemical exposures in the general occupational populations, highlight potential humans exposed mixtures. also discuss role adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework physiologically based kinetic dynamic (PBK/D) modelling strengthen understanding mechanism biomarkers, particular use regulatory risk assessments. An interdisciplinary network experts from European chapter International Society Exposure Science (ISES Europe) Organization Economic Co-operation Development (OECD) Occupational Biomonitoring activity Working Parties Hazard Assessment group worked together map conventional provided recommendations systematic use. summarized key aspects this work here, discussed these three parts. Part I, we inventory promising new population on H2020 Human Europe (HBM4EU) initiative. II, AOP PBK/D that improved selection interpretation biomarkers. III, describe collected expertise OECD subtask prioritizing relevant mode actions (MoAs) suitable Furthermore, propose a tiered assessment approach biomonitoring. Several especially settings, validated. They offer direct overall risks chemicals, transformation products. Promising novel emerging biomonitoring population. Efforts being dedicated molecular biochemical causal link exposure-health associations. This mechanistic has great improving human assessment. New techniques such silico methods (e.g. QSAR, modelling) well 'omics data will aid process. Our multidisciplinary review represents starting point enhancing identification pathways following framework. may help biomarker implementation defining threshold limits more structured way. ex vivo have been proposed evaluate combined effects including genotoxicity xeno-estrogenicity. There is need derive effect-based trigger values using increasing knowledge coming address due Such strategy would reduce fragmentation observed different regulations. It could stimulate harmonized comparable way, assessments

Language: Английский

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Effect-based nationwide surface water quality assessment to identify ecotoxicological risks

Water Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 434 - 443

Published: May 15, 2019

A large portion of the toxic effects observed in surface waters cannot be attributed to compounds regularly measured by water authorities. Hence, there is an urgent need for effect-based monitoring strategy that employs bioassays identify environmental risks. The aim present study was perform nationwide quality assessment ecotoxicological risks a wide variety waters. At 45 locations silicone rubbers and polar organic chemical integrative samplers were exposed 6 weeks. Alongside passive in-situ daphnid test performed. Subsequent field exposure, accumulated extracted from after which battery vivo vitro extracts. bioassay selected such it could posed range pollutants their transformation products, while simultaneously allowing targeted identification groups cause specific effects. Bioassay responses compared trigger values potential at investigated locations. Responses all bioassays, exceeded 9 out 21 applied assays, ranking based on No relationship between land use observed. Based results, considerations regarding future improvements are given. It concluded allowed prioritization sites risks, identified presence hazardous regardless being listed as priority substances, meanwhile prevent costly analysis with low

Language: Английский

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In vitro or not in vitro: a short journey through a long history

Environmental Sciences Europe, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: June 25, 2018

The aim of ecotoxicology is to study toxic effects on constituents ecosystems, with the protection goal being populations and communities rather than individual organisms. In this ecosystem perspective, use in vitro methodologies measuring cellular subcellular endpoints at a first glance appears be odd. Nevertheless, more recently approaches gained momentum ecotoxicology. article, we will discuss important application domains methods One area assays replace, reduce, refine (3R) vivo tests. Research field has focused mainly cytotoxicity fish cells as non-animal alternative lethality test biotransformation part an testing strategy for bioaccumulation fish. Lessons learned from research include importance critical evaluation sensitivity, specificity exposure conditions assays, well availability appropriate vitro-in extrapolation models. addition classical 3R application, other screening prioritization chemical hazards, categorization chemicals according their modes action provision mechanistic information pathway-based prediction adverse outcomes. applications discussed essay may highlight potential technologies enhance environmental hazard assessment single complex mixtures reduced need animal testing.

Language: Английский

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