Heavy metal pollution in coastal wetlands: A systematic review of studies globally over the past three decades

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 424, P. 127312 - 127312

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Barriers and Bridges in Abating Coastal Eutrophication

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: March 18, 2019

Over the past 30 years concerted campaigns have been undertaken to reverse nutrient-driven eutrophication in coastal waters Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. Typically, abatement has proven a more recalcitrant challenge than anticipated, with ecosystem improvements only recently beginning emerge or falling short of goals. Reduction nutrient loads come mainly from advanced treatment wastewaters lagged targets set for diffuse agricultural sources. Synthesis major campaigns—varying terms physical settings, characteristics, sources, socio-economic drivers, governance—identified barriers inhibiting potential bridges overcome them. Actionable science can be by: application well-established emerging knowledge experience around globe, client-responsive strategic research, timely conclusive adjudication scientific controversies. More accountable governance requires: enduring engagement high-level officials responsible governments; effective communication causes, risks benefits public stakeholders; quantitative allocation responsibility load reductions; binding requirements, as opposed simply voluntary actions. Effective reduction strategies both nitrogen phosphorus; inclusion actions that reduce atmospheric emissions addition direct inputs waterways; efficacious regulations; subsidies based on performance; limitations biofuel production increases loads; enhancing sinks losses legacy nutrients retained soils groundwater. Outcomes must measured appropriately adjusted through: sustained monitoring essential indicators processes, use multiple models, truly adaptive management, precautious interventions within ecosystem. The changing climate taken into account by reassessing achievable future conditions seeking alternatives mitigating adapting change also loads.

Language: Английский

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Landscape Drivers of Dynamic Change in Water Quality of U.S. Rivers

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 54(7), P. 4336 - 4343

Published: March 27, 2020

Water security is a top concern for social well-being, and dramatic changes in the availability of freshwater have occurred as result human uses landscape management. Elevated nutrient loading perturbations to major ion composition resulted from activities degraded resources. This study addresses emerging nature streamwater quality 21st century through analysis concentrations trends wide variety constituents streams rivers U.S. Concentrations 15 water including nutrients, ions, sediment, specific conductance were analyzed over period 1982-2012 targeted trend was performed 1992 2012. Although environmental policy geared toward addressing long-standing problem overenrichment, these efforts had uneven success, with decreasing at urbanized sites little no change agricultural sites. Additionally, freshwaters are being salinized rapidly all human-dominated land use types. While control nutrients ongoing, rapid salinity increases ushering new set poorly defined issues. Increasing negatively affects biodiversity, mobilizes sediment-bound contaminants, lead contamination drinking water, but its effects not well integrated into current paradigms

Language: Английский

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Nutrient content and stoichiometry of pelagic Sargassum reflects increasing nitrogen availability in the Atlantic Basin

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 24, 2021

Abstract The pelagic brown macroalgae Sargassum spp. have grown for centuries in oligotrophic waters of the North Atlantic Ocean supported by natural nutrient sources, such as excretions from associated fishes and invertebrates, upwelling, N 2 fixation. Using a unique historical baseline, we show that since 1980s tissue %N has increased 35%, while %P decreased 44%, resulting 111% increase N:P ratio (13:1 to 28:1) P limitation. highest δ 15 values occurred coastal influenced N-rich terrestrial runoff, lower C:N C:P ratios winter spring during peak river discharges. These findings suggest availability is supporting blooms turning critical nursery habitat into harmful algal with catastrophic impacts on ecosystems, economies, human health.

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Changes in Precipitation and Temperature Have Already Impacted Nitrogen Loading

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 53(9), P. 5080 - 5090

Published: April 12, 2019

Increases in nitrogen loading over the past several decades have led to widespread water quality impairments across U.S. Elevated awareness of influence climate variability on has studies investigating future change impacts quality. However, it remains unclear whether long-term can already be observed historical record. Here, we quantify trends total period 1987–2012 contiguous and attribute these changes inputs climatic variables. We find that annual precipitation, extreme springtime temperature are key drivers most regions. These decadal either amplified or offset expected from alone. also rising temperatures been insufficient precipitation-induced increases, suggesting increases under may limited potential counteract as a result anticipated precipitation. This work demonstrates important role loading, emphasizing need consider risks when designing monitoring nutrient reduction programs.

Language: Английский

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Factors driving nutrient trends in streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed

Journal of Environmental Quality, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(4), P. 812 - 834

Published: May 20, 2020

Despite decades of effort toward reducing nitrogen and phosphorus flux to Chesapeake Bay, water-quality ecological responses in surface waters have been mixed. Recent research, however, provides useful insight into multiple factors complicating the understanding nutrient trends bay tributaries, which we review this paper, as approach a 2025 total maximum daily load (TMDL) management deadline. Improvements water quality many streams are attributable actions that reduced point sources atmospheric deposition changes climate. Nutrient reductions expected from actions, not fully realized watershed streams. Nitrogen urban nonpoint has declined, although urbanization individual vary depending on predevelopment land use. Evolving agriculture, largest source nutrients, likely contributed local but affected substantial bay. Changing average yields farmland underlain by carbonate rocks, may suggest future other areas under similar management, climatic, or influences, drivers these remain unclear. Regardless upstream trends, its tributary increased due sediment infill Conowingo Reservoir. In general, recent research emphasizes utility input over attempts manage fate transport at limiting nutrients waters. Ongoing opportunities include evaluating effects climate change conservation practices time space developing tools disentangle evaluate influences regional quality.

Language: Английский

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Turbid Coral Reefs: Past, Present and Future—A Review

Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 251 - 251

Published: June 7, 2021

Increasing evidence suggests that coral reefs exposed to elevated turbidity may be more resilient climate change impacts and serve as an important conservation hotspot. However, logistical difficulties in studying turbid environments have led poor representation of these reef types within the scientific literature, with studies using different methods definitions characterize reefs. Here we review geological origins growth histories from Holocene (past), their current ecological environmental states (present), potential responses resilience increasing local global pressures (future). We classify new descriptors based on regime (persistent, fluctuating, transitional) sources sediment input (natural versus anthropogenic). Further, by comparing composition, function two most studied reefs, Paluma Shoals Reef Complex, Australia turbidity) Singapore (anthropogenic turbidity), found them distinct status. As geographic range is expected increase due stressors, improving our understanding will central efforts.

Language: Английский

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Nutrient export from Finnish rivers into the Baltic Sea has not decreased despite water protection measures

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 460 - 474

Published: July 5, 2019

To tackle the symptoms of eutrophication in open Baltic Sea and Finnish coastal waters, Finland has agreed to reduce both total nitrogen (TN) phosphorus (TP) inputs. Due large investments treatment municipal industrial wastewaters, TP loads started decrease already mid-1970s respective TN mid-1990s. During last two decades, much effort been spent decreasing load originating from diffuse sources. Trend analyses 1995–2016 showed that, despite various mitigation measures, riverine nutrient export not substantially decreased, especially rivers draining agricultural lands remains high. In some areas concentrations were increasing we found evidence that it was linked ditching peatlands. Several factors connected climate/weather (e.g. temperature precipitation) have counteracted therefore will achieve reduction targets by 2021.

Language: Английский

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Reductions in the deposition of sulfur and selenium to agricultural soils pose risk of future nutrient deficiencies

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: May 26, 2021

Abstract Atmospheric deposition is a major source of the nutrients sulfur and selenium to agricultural soils. Air pollution control cleaner energy production have reduced anthropogenic emissions selenium, which has led lower atmospheric fluxes these elements. Here, we use global aerosol-chemistry-climate model map recent (2005–2009) deposition, project future (2095–2099) changes under two socioeconomic scenarios. Across Northern Hemisphere, find substantially decreased soils, by 70 90% for 55 80% selenium. Recent trends in concentrations USA streams suggest that catchment mass balances elements are already changing due declining supply. Sustainable fertilizer management strategies will need be developed offset decrease nutrient supply ensure food security nutrition, while avoiding consequences downstream aquatic ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Phosphorus Inventory for the Conterminous United States (2002–2012)

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126(4)

Published: March 15, 2021

Published reports suggest efforts designed to prevent the occurrence of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia by reducing non-point point source phosphorus (P) pollution are not delivering water quality improvements in many areas. Part uncertainty evaluating watershed responses management practices is lack standardized estimates inputs outputs. To assess P trends across conterminous United States, we compiled an inventory using publicly available datasets agricultural fluxes, atmospheric deposition, human demand waste, discharges for 2002, 2007, 2012 at scale 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code subbasin (~1,800 km2). Estimates legacy surplus accumulated from 1945 2001 were also developed. Fertilizer manure found exceed crop removal rates up 50% regions. This excess has led continued accumulation lands. Atmospheric deposition increased throughout Rockies, potentially contributing reported increases surface concentrations undisturbed watersheds. In some urban areas, fluxes associated with waste non-farm fertilizer use declined despite population growth, likely due, part, various sales bans on P-containing detergents fertilizers. Although regions individual subbasins have different contemporary sources, a method accounting large small ready numbers provide essential infromation coordinate targeted interventions reduce nation's waters.

Language: Английский

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