Critical links between biodiversity and health in wild bee conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(4), P. 309 - 321

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

The diversity, abundance, and health of wild bees is jeopardized primarily by land-use modifications, among other global change drivers.Defining measuring in requires an integrative approach across disciplines.We use elements from chemistry, stoichiometry, ecology, physiology, pathology, genetics to (i) contribute a more comprehensive definition bee 'health', (ii) define framework linking with floral resource/nutritional landscapes through assessing species-specific nutritional niches.We suggest novel holistic for capturing combining field laboratory tools.Knowledge gained applying this will serve as blueprint stakeholders engaged pollinator conservation. Wild populations are declining due human activities, such land change, which strongly affect the composition diversity available plants food sources. chemical (i.e., nutrition) turn determines health, resilience, fitness bees. For pollinators, however, term 'health' recent subject debate, interaction between nutrition health. We multidimensional concept biological traits (physiology, disease) environmental factors (floral landscapes). Linking information on tolerated niches different species allow us better predict their distribution responses thus support Bees decline because sources disappearAnimals pollinate >85% flowering 75% leading crops worldwide [1.Klein A.-M. et al.Importance pollinators changing world crops.Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274: 303-313Crossref PubMed Scopus (3270) Google Scholar] provide medicines animals humankind. They also natural habitats play key role plant productivity, webs, ultimately well-being Scholar, 2.Klein A-M. al.Relevance managed well-being.Curr. Opin. Insect 2018; 26: 82-88Crossref (32) 3.Ollerton J. al.How many pollinated animals?.Oikos. 2011; 120: 321-326Crossref (1564) Scholar]. (Apidae) most important group vast majority represented (~20 000 species) [4.Potts S. Assessment Report Pollinators, Pollination Food Production – Summary Policymakers. 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Entomol. 10: 133-141Google 22.Ziska L.H. al.Rising atmospheric CO2 reducing protein concentration pollen source essential North American bees.Proc. R. Soc. B 283: 20160414Crossref 23.Requier F. al.Honey diet farmland reveals unexpectedly high flower richness major weeds.Ecol. Appl. 881-890Crossref (171) Scholar].Nutritional beesAs intake nutrient (henceforth referred quality) determine resilience [24.Simpson S.J. Raubenheimer Nutrition: Unifying Framework Animal Adaptation Human Obesity. Princeton 2012Crossref access resources enable diverse balanced one driver population stability [21.Vaudo context, we consider be any compound elements, phospholipids, amino acids 'group components' proteins) part food/nutrition obtain nutrients several potential medically active secondary metabolites consuming mostly nectar Scholar,25.Koch H. al.Flagellum removal metabolite inhibits infectivity bumblebee parasite.Curr. 2019; 29: 3494-3500Abstract (24) Scholar,26.Stevenson P.C. antagonists mutualists: paradox toxic pollen.Phytochem. 603-614Crossref (17) Nectar provides carbohydrates maintaining energy metabolic processes, whereas main all macronutrients fat) micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, sterols) required tissue homeostasis, development ovary development), larval growth [27.Filipiak understanding ecology needed optimize conservation strategies application stoichiometry.Insects. 3Crossref (16) 28.Nicolson S.W. Bee food: chemistry value nectar, mixtures two.Afr. Zool. 46: 197-204Crossref 29.Wright G.A. al.Nutritional physiology bees.Annu. 63: 327-344Crossref (89) Ideally, both sufficient quality quantity. quantity determined abundance flowers present namely number plants/flowers per amount [30.Timberlake T.P. al.Phenology seasonal gaps availability bumblebees.J. 56: 1585-1596Crossref (56) depends each and/or specific profile [31.Jachuła al.Habitat heterogeneity helps mitigate sugar deficit discontinuity landscape.Sci. Total 782146909Crossref (5) profiles vary greatly [32.Belsky Joshi N.K. Impact feral bees.Insects. 233Crossref (37) 33.Palmer-Young E.C. al.Chemistry rewards: intra- interspecific variability taxa.Ecol. Monogr. 89e01335Crossref (50) 34.Vaudo al.Pollen protein: lipid macronutrient ratios guide broad patterns preferences.Insects. 11: 132Crossref (41) 35.Requier al.Limitation complementary affects growth, foraging behavior, reproduction bees.Ecology. 101e02946Crossref (11) even individuals same growing [36.Venjakob al.Inter-individual changes scabious, Knautia arvensis.Insects. 2Crossref Floral communities, characterized consequently More details variation effect diets performance fitness, differences preferences given Vaudo al. Scholar].Although much less well understood, needs expected differ substantially sustainability amounts food, particular pollen, offspring development, can influence entire Scholar,37.Filipiak Z.M. Filipiak scarcity influences certain life history traits.Biology. 12Crossref (6) Scholar,38.Moerman explain than diversity.Insect Conserv. Divers. 171-179Crossref (39) Scholar].Surprisingly, landscape, status has hitherto received little attention (cf Scholar,34.Vaudo Scholar]). This knowledge is, crucial determining how respective populations. propose conceptual altering healthy populations.Measuring healthAlthough understood physical, mental, social population, wildlife generally been absence disease [39.Stephen Toward modernized health.J. Wildl. Dis. 50: 427-430Crossref only recently appeared literature its precise still debate [40.López-Uribe M.M. al.Defining health: based ecological, genetic, physiological factors.Annu. Anim. Biosci. 8: 269-294Crossref López-Uribe suggested multilevel various parameters measure at individual, colony, level should then direct consequence average individuals, where size likely correlate positively health.We apply defined result local environment (Figure 1). following recorded integrated comprehensively capture stored bodies (such proteins, lipids, glycogen, elements), body [41.Dellicour al.Distribution predictors wing shape three sister solitary bees.PLoS 12e0173109Crossref (18) load, beneficial microbiota [42.Engel al.The microbiome: evolution host–microbe interactions.mBio. 7e02164-15Crossref (130) immunocompetence [43.Alaux al.Diet honeybee immunocompetence.Biol. 6: 562-565Crossref (454) fertility [44.Keller A. al.(More than) Hitchhikers network: shared microbiome flowers.Curr. 44: 8-15Crossref (8) Scholar].Physiological were shown sensitivity modifications [45.Tracy C.R. importance biology.Integr. Comp. 1191-1205Crossref (72) responds before become visible [46.Ellis R.D. al.Integrating physiology.Landsc. 2012; 27: 1-12Crossref (90) instance, correlates increased levels storage antioxidant vitellogenin higher overwintering [19.Smart Scholar,47.Alaux 'landscape physiology' highlights enrichment semi-natural habitats.Sci. Rep. 7: 40568Crossref (57) Energy survival. categories used insects (glycogen, life-history dispersal capacity, reproduction, diapause, [48.Arrese E.L. Soulages J.L. fat body: energy, metabolism, regulation.Annu. 55: 207-225Crossref (1178) Moreover, macro- acquired consumption interface resources. Variations budget bees.Additional sensu lato include morphometrics, microbial loads. example, morphometry fluctuating asymmetry found [49.de Freitas Brito al.Orchid (Apidae, Euglossini) oil palm plantations Eastern Amazon have larger but not asymmetrical wings.Neotrop. 388-397Crossref (0) 50.Gerard al.Stressful conditions reveal decrease size, modification relatively stable wings.Sci. 15169Crossref (14) 51.Lima C.B.S. al.Morphometric Melipona subnitida Ducke 1910 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) types housing.Braz. 76: 845-850Crossref addition, known composition, particularly consequences uptake, detoxification, immunity, Scholar,52.Dharampal P.S. al.Pollen-borne microbes fitness.Proc. 286: 20182894Crossref 53.Rothman J.A. increases selenate toxicity.Environ. Microbiol. 21: 3417-3429Crossref 54.Voulgari-Kokota al.Drivers, functions solitary-bee microbiota.Trends 1034-1044Abstract By defining stoichiometric phenotypes elemental bodies) [55.Jeyasingh P.D. al.Testing evolutionary using elements.Ecol. 528-538Crossref (59) deviations optimal phenotypes, nutritionally impoverished populations, revealed, indicate reduced health.All mentioned previously affected multiple related pollutants antibiotics, heavy metals) pathogens Measurement variables complete picture focusing single parameter.Floral healthFloral community [56.Albrecht effectiveness strips hedgerows pest control, pollination services crop yield: quantitative synthesis.Ecol. 1488-1498Crossref (113) Scholar,57.Dainese biodiversity-mediated production.Sci. Adv. 5eaax0121Crossref (245) [58.Kaluza B.F. al.Social fitter biodiverse environments.Sci. 12353Crossref content Scholar,27.Filipiak Scholar,59.Roulston T.H. Goodell K. regulating populations.Annu. 293-312Crossref (325) Scholar,60.Scheper al.Museum specimens host factor driving Netherlands.Proc. 111: 17552Crossref (160) phenology [23.Requier Scholar,58.Kaluza Scholar,61.Blüthgen Klein Functional complementarity specialisation: interactions.Basic 12: 282-291Crossref (281) thrive environments Scholar,62.Crone Williams N.M. Bumble dynamics: quantifying queen production.Ecol. 460-468Crossref (68) Scholar,63.Goulson al.Colony bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, improved conventional suburban habitats.Oecologia. 2002; 130: 267-273Crossref (169) Scholar,64.Kaluza al.Generalist maximize species-rich resource-abundant environments.Ecosphere. 8e01758Crossref (26) Scholar,65.Trinkl al.Floral stingless bee.Insects. (9) opportunities specialist (oligolectic) restricted find suitable generalist (polylectic) supports performance, (Table 1), presumably ready adequate metabolites. contrast, chronic monotonous, nonsuitable, low quality, reduces immune-competence affecting 'nutritional stress' [47.Alaux Scholar,66.Brunner F.S. al.Protein-poor host-specific immune gene expression terrestris.Proc. 20140128Crossref Poor lead susceptibility [67.Dolezal A.G. Toth A.L. Feedbacks health.Curr. 114-119Crossref (63) pesticides [68.Tosi al.Neonicotinoid synergistically reduce 284: 20171711Crossref considered Scholar,69.Bartomeus I. al.Historical northeastern US traits.Proc. U. 2013; 110: 4656-4660Crossref (309) Scholar,70.Leach M.E. Drummond review native health.Int. 2018: 9607246Crossref (13) Although added se automatically yield synergistic compared higher-quality monofloral [34.Vaudo Scholar,71.Klaus diversification promotes offset insecticide evidence semi-field experiment.Ecol. 24: 668-675Crossref Scholar,72.Stuligross Pesticide additively impair reproduction.Proc. 287: 20201390Crossref it clearly negative poor choices 1).Table 1Effect studies polyfloral polylectic) under conditionsExperimentBee speciesEffectsResponse variableRefsLandscapes, enriched melliferous catch crops; overwinteringHoneybee (Apis mellifera)Access was vitality (vitellogenin level)Bee level)[47.Alaux Scholar]Monofloral pesticides; performanceBuff tailed (Bombus terrestris)Additive drone reproduc

Language: Английский

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Changes in the Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Fat Body and Hemolymph of Apis mellifera L. Due to Pollen Monodiets

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 69 - 69

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The increasing prevalence of monocultures has reduced floral diversity, diminishing pollen diet variety for bees. This study examines the impact monofloral diets (hazel, rapeseed, pine, buckwheat, Phacelia, goldenrod) on antioxidant enzyme activities in fat body from tergite 3, 5, sternite, and hemolymph honey We show that plants such as goldenrod (rich phenolic compounds flavonoids) increases SOD, CAT, GST, GPx compared to control group. Although it is commonly known a monodiet one stress factors bees, increase these enzymes workers fed with candy those only sugar positive (although inconclusive) effect. These bees anemophilous are usually lower containing 10% or goldenrod. Further research needed fully understand complex interactions among diets, activities, overall physiology

Language: Английский

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Pollinator competition and the structure of floral resources

Ecography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(9)

Published: July 10, 2023

The mutualism between plants and pollinators is built upon the trophic ecology of flowers florivores. Yet flowers‐as‐food left implicit in most studies plant–pollinator ecology, it has been largely neglected mainstream ecology. This deficit especially evident an emerging issue basic applied significance: competition for floral resources. In this synthesis, we start by exploring notion resource limitation which concerning are tacitly predicated. Both theoretical empirical lines evidence indicate that must be understood as a complex ecological contingency; question not simply whether but when, where what regions trait space resources limiting. Based on premise, propose framework understanding availability terms temporal, spatial functional structure. While conceptually intuitive, empirically analytically demanding. We review existing methods measuring summarizing multi‐dimensional structure resources, highlight their strengths weaknesses, identify opportunities future development. then discuss causal relationships linking to species coexistence, community dynamics, exogenous drivers like climate, land use, episodic disturbances. its role both cause effect, mediates relationship behavioral landscape coexistence theory with respect Establishing object study application will shed light questions guide management decisions contentious issues such compatibility apiculture wild pollinator conservation appropriate use enhancements agri‐environment schemes.

Language: Английский

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Spatio-temporal complementarity of floral resources sustains wild bee pollinators in agricultural landscapes

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 359, P. 108754 - 108754

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Targeted conservation and promotion of wild bees in agroecosystems requires understanding relationships between different groups available floral resources across land-use types during the season at landscape scale. Here, we quantified resource amount diversity habitat times scale entire landscapes (500 m radius) 20 agricultural landscapes. Moreover, examined whether metrics obtained from these high-resolution maps are more suitable to assess predict abundance species richness bee pollinator groups, including rare important crop pollinators, sampled compared traditional land-cover metrics. Floral availability shifted flower-rich woody vegetation early herbaceous such as grasslands crops later season, which was associated with a ten-fold decline overall availability. Forest edges had highest per-area contributions spring, whereas grasslands, particular if extensively managed, continuously high. Total richness, well increased and/or contributed by forest permanent grasslands. Rare also positively related provided crops. abundance, but not were amount, diversity, landscape. based on supply major or late predicted (R2 =0.61) better than descriptors composition proportion semi-natural habitat. The pronounced temporal shifts for pollinators towards highlights importance taking landscape-scale perspective conservation. Our findings indicate that both benefit complementary agroecosystems. This reveals potential synergy endangered management promote pollination services. study useful tools supporting targeted service level.

Language: Английский

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Seasonal variation in the general availability of floral resources for pollinators in northwest Europe: A review of the data

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 298, P. 110774 - 110774

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Quantifying the production of plant pollen at the farm scale

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(6), P. 2888 - 2899

Published: April 15, 2024

Plant pollen is rich in protein, sterols and lipids, providing crucial nutrition for many pollinators. However, we know very little about the quantity, quality timing of availability real landscapes, limiting our ability to improve food supply We quantify floral longevity production a whole plant community first time, enabling us calculate daily availability. combine these data with abundance nectar measures from UK farmland at landscape scale throughout year. Pollen were significantly correlated unit, level. The species highest quantity on Salix spp. (38%), Filipendula ulmaria (14%), Rubus fruticosus (10%) Taraxacum officinale (9%). Hedgerows most pollen-rich habitats, but permanent pasture provided majority scale, because its large area. closely associated their phenology, both peaking late April, before declining steeply June remaining low Our provide starting point including resource assessments ensuring nutritional requirements pollinators are met landscapes.

Language: Английский

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High rates of nectar depletion in summer grasslands indicate competitive conditions for pollinators

Oikos, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(9)

Published: May 27, 2024

Competition among pollinators for floral resources is a phenomenon of both basic and applied importance. While competition difficult to measure directly under field conditions, it can be inferred indirectly through the measurement resource depletion. In this study, we conducted pollinator exclusion experiment calculate nectar depletion rates in summer across 16 grassland sites German regions Franconia Saxony‐Anhalt. Overall were estimated at 95% 79% Saxony‐Anhalt, indicating strong limitation likely nectar. Despite being ubiquitous our study regions, honey bees scarce time sampling. This demonstrates that wild alone are capable massive depletion, addition managed communities may intensify already competitive conditions. Nevertheless, manifest diversity indicates other factors, such as non‐trophic constraints or temporal variation limitation, mitigate despite immediate conditions acute scarcity.

Language: Английский

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Keep trees for bees: Pollen collection by Osmia bicornis along the urbanization gradient

Urban forestry & urban greening, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64, P. 127250 - 127250

Published: July 13, 2021

Development of urban agglomerations and the intensification agriculture profoundly affect bees' food resources, hence ecosystem services such as pollination. A solitary bee, Osmia bicornis (syn. O. rufa), is an effective springtime pollinator crops, decorative wild plants. However, it largely unknown if this species conservative or plastic in pollen collection different environments. New breedings were established localizations qualified (90 % built-up infrastructure), suburban (55–65 %), rural (up to 20 %). From each nest randomly chosen samples unused provisions collected analysed. Moreover, literature databases composition was compiled show overall tendencies choice plant type, habitat, well coating size. Our field study showed that less human-modified environment higher diversity types build its provision, compared more areas (Simpson index 3.7 rural, 2.8 2.2 sites). Literature review bees repeatedly from commonly available trees like oaks, maples, horse chestnut elms. Field data also revealed use tree especially common sites while included herbaceous plants shrubs. Neither shape nor size mattered bee foraging choices. frequently used dispersed by wind sites. The main conclusion polylectic opportunistically collect present number taxa may be limiting factor for studied bees. welfare requires planting willows, representatives Rosaceae family, advisable where flowering are than areas. Hence, keeping even singular complement base urbanized

Language: Английский

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The need for weeds: Man-made, non-cropped habitats complement crops and natural habitats in providing honey bees and bumble bees with pollen resources

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 840, P. 156551 - 156551

Published: June 7, 2022

In Europe, honey bees and bumble are among the most important pollinators, there is a growing interest in understanding effects of floral resource availability on their survival. Yet, to date, data nectar pollen supplies available agricultural landscapes still scarce. this paper, we quantify species-, habitat- landscape-scale production Lublin Upland, SE Poland. The per unit area was highest (mean = 2.2-2.6 g/m2) non-forest woody vegetation, field margins fallows, whilst significantly lower amounts were shown be road verges railway embankments 1.3-1.6 g/m2). At landscape scale, natural semi-natural areas (forests meadows/pastures) offered ca. 44% total resources during year. Relatively high (ca. 35% year-round resources) from winter rape, but short-term. Man-made, non-cropped habitats added only 18% mass for pollinators flowering season. However, they provided 66-99% July October. There exists an imbalance throughout Hence, diversity natural, man-made, required support seasonal continuity landscape. Efforts should made secure habitat heterogeneity enhance flower continual pollinators.

Language: Английский

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The effect of meteorological and environmental variables on food collection by honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 111140 - 111140

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Bees are strongly dependent on environmental and climatic conditions. Anthropogenic climate changes mainly responsible for restricted access of bees to food resources. Therefore, this study aimed evaluate the effect most important meteorological variables affecting collection by honey bees. Using electronic beehive scales, remote monitoring daily hive weight 60 colonies from apiaries was performed during three beekeeping seasons. The depended variables, particularly sunshine duration air temperature. topographic (e.g. landscape structure, forest habitat type, share area with plant species attractive bees) spatial proportion forest, arable land, green area) contributed a much lesser extent. Monitoring revealed that conditions affected strongly. In conclusion, long-term bee colony large scale can be source substantial data about impact their resources in order restore conserve environment will meet nutritional needs different

Language: Английский

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