PFAS: forever chemicals—persistent, bioaccumulative and mobile. Reviewing the status and the need for their phase out and remediation of contaminated sites

Environmental Sciences Europe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: March 23, 2023

Abstract Background Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have received increasing scientific political attention in recent years. Several thousand commercially produced compounds are used numerous products technical processes. Due to their extreme persistence the environment, humans all other life forms are, therefore, increasingly exposed these substances. In following review, PFAS will be examined comprehensively. Results The best studied carboxylic sulfonic acids with chain lengths of C4 C14, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) perfluorooctane (PFOS). These harmful aquatic fauna, insects, amphibians at concentrations a few µg/L or less, accumulate organisms, biomagnify food webs. Humans, as final link chains, subjected uptake primarily through drinking water. multiple toxic effects, affecting liver, kidney, thyroid, immune system. latter effect is basis for establishment tolerable weekly dose only 4.4 ng/kg body weight sum four representatives PFOA, PFOS, perfluorononanoic (PFNA) perfluorohexane (PFHxS) by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2020. Exposure estimates human biomonitoring show that this value frequently reached, many cases exceeded. major challenge analysis, especially waste: single-substance analyses capture fragment large, diverse family PFAS. As consequence, parameters gained importance. high mobility per makes soil groundwater pollution contaminated sites problem. general, short-chain more mobile than long-chain ones. Processes purification water treatment often ineffective expensive. Recycling PFAS-containing such paper packaging leads carryover contaminants. Incineration requires temperatures completely destroy After PFOS perfluorinated were regulated internationally, manufacturers users switched PFAS: representatives, per- oxo acids, telomeric alcohols acids. Analytical studies an increase environmental chemicals. Ultra-short (chain length C1–C3) not been well studied. Among others, trifluoroacetic (TFA) present globally rapidly concentrations. Conclusions substitution individual recognized hazardous possibly equally virtually unknown chronic toxicity can, solution. answer switch fluorine-free alternatives applications which essential.

Language: Английский

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Addressing chemical pollution in biodiversity research

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 3240 - 3255

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract Climate change, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution are planetary‐scale emergencies requiring urgent mitigation actions. As these “triple crises” deeply interlinked, they need to be tackled in an integrative manner. However, while climate change often studied together, as a global factor contributing worldwide loss has received much less attention research so far. Here, we review evidence showing that the multifaceted effects of anthropogenic chemicals environment posing growing threat ecosystems. Therefore, failure account for may significantly undermine success protection efforts. We argue progress understanding counteracting negative impact on requires collective efforts scientists from different disciplines, including but not limited ecology, ecotoxicology, environmental chemistry. Importantly, recent developments fields have now enabled comprehensive studies could efficiently address manifold interactions between Based their experience with intricate biodiversity, ecologists well equipped embrace additional challenge complexity through interdisciplinary collaborations. This offers unique opportunity jointly advance seminal frontier ecology facilitate development innovative solutions protection.

Language: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 108033 - 108033

Published: June 17, 2023

Drinking-water quality is a rising concern in the United States (US), emphasizing need to broadly assess exposures and potential health effects at point-of-use. per- poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are national concern, however, there limited information on PFAS residential tapwater point-of-use, especially from private-wells. We conducted reconnaissance compare human unregulated private-well regulated public-supply tapwater. Tapwater 716 locations (269 private-wells; 447 public supply) across US was collected during 2016-2021 including three where temporal sampling conducted. Concentrations of were assessed by laboratories compared with land-use potential-source metrics explore drivers contamination. The number individual observed ranged 1 9 (median: 2) corresponding cumulative concentrations (sum detected PFAS) ranging 0.348 346 ng/L. Seventeen least once PFBS, PFHxS PFOA most frequently approximately 15% samples. Across US, profiles estimated median similar among private wells estimate that one could be about 45% drinking-water These detection probabilities varied spatially variation concentrations/numbers detected. Benchmark screening approaches indicated exposure risk dominated PFOS, when Potential source related concentrations, detected; relations specific likely due low frequencies higher limits. Information generated supports for further assessments risks as class combination other co-occurring contaminants, particularly unmonitored private-wells or not available.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogels for the removal of the methylene blue dye from wastewater: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 2665 - 2685

Published: April 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Advanced Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

Polymers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 540 - 540

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Nanomaterials have been extensively used in polymer nanocomposite membranes due to the inclusion of unique features that enhance water and wastewater treatment performance. Compared pristine membranes, incorporation nanomodifiers not only improves membrane performance (water permeability, salt rejection, contaminant removal, selectivity), but also intrinsic properties (hydrophilicity, porosity, antifouling properties, antimicrobial mechanical, thermal, chemical stability) these membranes. This review focuses on applications different types nanomaterials: zero-dimensional (metal/metal oxide nanoparticles), one-dimensional (carbon nanotubes), two-dimensional (graphene associated structures), three-dimensional (zeolites frameworks) nanomaterials combined with polymers towards novel polymeric nanocomposites for applications. will show combinations impart enhanced into membrane; however, underlying issues modification processes environmental impact are less obvious. highlights utility computational methods toward understanding structural functional Here, we highlight fabrication methods, advantages, challenges, impact, future scope advanced based systems

Language: Английский

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Recent trends in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution distribution and counteracting bio-remediation strategies

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 337, P. 139396 - 139396

Published: July 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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A bibliometric analysis of emerging contaminants (ECs) (2001−2021): Evolution of hotspots and research trends

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 907, P. 168116 - 168116

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic data on vaccine response in relation to exposure to five principal perfluoroalkyl substances

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 107734 - 107734

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

Epidemiologic studies of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) antibody response to vaccines have suggested an adverse association, but the consistency magnitude this association remain unclear.The goal systematic review was determine size between a doubling in perfluoroalkyl concentration difference loge following vaccine, with focus on five PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic (PFDA).We conducted online searches PubMed Web Science through May 17, 2022 identified 14 eligible reports published from 2012 2022.We included humans, including mother-child pairs, which examined PFAS relation specific antigen vaccine.We used risk bias assessment for non-randomized exposure certainty method proposed by Morgan et al. (2019). Using multilevel meta-regression model, we quantitatively synthesized data.The represented 13 unique groups subjects; frequency given Tetanus (n = 7); followed Diphtheria (6); Measles (4); Rubella (3); Haemophilus influenzae type b Influenza A H1N1 (2 each); Hepatitis A, B, H2N3, Mumps (1 each). There were approximately 4,830 participants analyses across reports. The models coefficients principal showed homogeneity associations types each PFAS. In all antibodies treated as one type, evidence effect modification life stage present PFOA PFOS, consistency, evaluated ages children. summary (coefficients loge[antibody concentration] per PFAS) 95% confidence intervals that excluded zero ("statistical support"), ratings follows: ages, -0.06 (-0.10, -0.01; moderate) children, -0.10 (-0.16, -0.03; moderate); -0.12 (-0.23, -0.00; high); -0.09 (-0.17, moderate), (-0.24, moderate). For PFOS were, (-0.11, (-0.18, (-0.15, high) (-0.20, -0.04; high). PFHxS -0.03 (-0.06, -0.05 (-0.09, low); -0.07 -0.02; Summary PFNA PFDA did not statistical support, studied tended inverse concentrations.Epidemiologic data immunosuppression suggest support against multiple antigens. Data Diphtheria, Rubella, more supportive than other antibodies, greater PFOA, PFHxS, or PFDA. any scarce. Confounding factors might account identified. Nearly judged low moderate bias.

Language: Английский

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Innovative remediation strategies for persistent organic pollutants in soil and water: A comprehensive review

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 249, P. 118404 - 118404

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Adsorption of PFAS onto secondary microplastics: A mechanistic study

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 470, P. 134185 - 134185

Published: March 31, 2024

Microplastics (MPs) are abundant in aquatic systems. The ecological risks of MPs may arise from their physical features, chemical properties, and/or ability to concentrate and transport other contaminants, such as per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS have been extracted found natural waters. Still, there needs be a mechanistic investigation the effect chemistry water physicochemical properties on how partition onto secondary MPs. Here, we studied influence pH, organic matter (NOM), ionic strength, temperature adsorption generated PET bottles. was thermodynamically spontaneous at 25 °C, based Gibb's free energy (ΔG = -16 -23 kJ/mol), primarily due increased entropy after adsorption. Adsorption reached equilibrium within 7-9 h. Hence, will surface hours fresh saline Natural decreased capacity for through electrosteric repulsion, while higher strength favored by decreasing electrostatic repulsion. Increased pH which negated study provides fundamental information developing models predict interactions between PFAS.

Language: Английский

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