Novel Disturbance Regimes and Ecological Responses

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 63 - 83

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Many natural disturbances have a strong climate forcing, and concern is rising about how ecosystems will respond to disturbance regimes which they are not adapted. Novelty can arise either as attributes of the regime (e.g., frequency, severity, duration) shift beyond their historical ranges variation or new agents present historically emerge. How much novelty ecological systems absorb whether changing lead novel outcomes determined by responses communities, also subject change. Powerful conceptual frameworks exist for anticipating consequences regimes, but these remain challenging apply in real-world settings. Nonlinear relationships tipping points, feedbacks) particular because disproportionate effects. Future research should quantify rise assess capacity changes. Novel be potent catalysts

Language: Английский

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State of Wildfires 2023–2024

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 3601 - 3685

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Abstract. Climate change contributes to the increased frequency and intensity of wildfires globally, with significant impacts on society environment. However, our understanding global distribution extreme fires remains skewed, primarily influenced by media coverage regionalised research efforts. This inaugural State Wildfires report systematically analyses fire activity worldwide, identifying events from March 2023–February 2024 season. We assess causes, predictability, attribution these climate land use forecast future risks under different scenarios. During 2023–2024 season, 3.9×106 km2 burned slightly below average previous seasons, but carbon (C) emissions were 16 % above average, totalling 2.4 Pg C. Global C record in Canadian boreal forests (over 9 times average) reduced low African savannahs. Notable included record-breaking extent Canada, largest recorded wildfire European Union (Greece), drought-driven western Amazonia northern parts South America, deadly Hawaii (100 deaths) Chile (131 deaths). Over 232 000 people evacuated Canada alone, highlighting severity human impact. Our revealed that multiple drivers needed cause areas activity. In Greece, a combination high weather an abundance dry fuels probability fires, whereas area anomalies weaker regions lower fuel loads higher direct suppression, particularly Canada. Fire prediction showed mild anomalous signal 1 2 months advance, Greece had shorter predictability horizons. Attribution indicated modelled up 40 %, 18 50 due during respectively. Meanwhile, seasons magnitudes has significantly anthropogenic change, 2.9–3.6-fold increase likelihood 20.0–28.5-fold Amazonia. By end century, similar magnitude 2023 are projected occur 6.3–10.8 more frequently medium–high emission scenario (SSP370). represents first annual effort catalogue events, explain their occurrence, predict risks. consolidating state-of-the-art science delivering key insights relevant policymakers, disaster management services, firefighting agencies, managers, we aim enhance society's resilience promote advances preparedness, mitigation, adaptation. New datasets presented this work available https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400539 (Jones et al., 2024) https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11420742 (Kelley 2024a).

Language: Английский

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Forest Fire Segmentation from Aerial Imagery Data Using an Improved Instance Segmentation Model

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 3159 - 3159

Published: July 1, 2022

In recent years, forest-fire monitoring methods represented by deep learning have been developed rapidly. The use of drone technology and optimization existing models to improve recognition accuracy segmentation quality are great significance for understanding the spatial distribution forest fires protecting resources. Due spreading irregular nature fire, it is extremely tough detect fire accurately in a complex environment. Based on aerial imagery dataset FLAME, this paper focuses analysis two deep-learning problems: (1) video frames classified as classes (fire, no-fire) according presence or absence fire. A novel image classification method based channel domain attention mechanism was developed, which achieved 93.65%. (2) We propose instance (MaskSU R-CNN) incipient detection MS R-CNN model. For optimized model, MaskIoU branch reconstructed U-shaped network order reduce error. Experimental results show that precision our MaskSU reached 91.85%, recall 88.81%, F1-score 90.30%, mean intersection over union (mIoU) 82.31%. Compared with many state-of-the-art models, achieves satisfactory dataset.

Language: Английский

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Environmental and socioeconomic impacts of forest fires: A call for multilateral cooperation and management interventions

Natural Hazards Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 286 - 294

Published: April 13, 2023

Fire is one of the dominant disturbances in forests that widely impacts ecology, environment, and socioeconomics nations across globe. In view setting priorities for combating mitigating adverse forest fires, a review literature was carried out to examine various environmental socioeconomic fires. The G20 were selected present study because together they represent 60 percent world population about 80 GDP, apart from having strategic multilateral platform connecting world's major developed emerging economic countries. illustrates contribution quite significant (69.26%) yet are impacted adversely due fires so environment diverse types possess. on countries should come forward establishing strengthening bilateral or co-operation co-ordination, also share adequate financial resources, technologies training among themselves.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Resilience of Boreal Forests Through Management Under Global Change: a Review

Current Landscape Ecology Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 103 - 118

Published: April 19, 2023

Abstract Purpose of Review Boreal forests provide a wide range ecosystem services that are important to society. The boreal biome is experiencing the highest rates warming on planet and increasing demand for forest products. Here, we review how changes in climate its associated extreme events (e.g., windstorms) putting at risk capacity these continue providing services. We further analyze role management increase resilience combined effects change events. Recent Findings Enhancing recently gained lot interest from theoretical perspective. Yet, it remains unclear translate knowledge into practice operationalize maintain functions under changing global conditions. identify summarize main approaches (natural disturbance emulation, landscape functional zoning, complex network, climate-smart forestry) can promote resilience. Summary concept sciences, may put risk, alleviate or such risks. found increased temperatures having negative impacts forests. Then, discuss could enhance multifunctionality (simultaneous provision high levels multiple species habitats). Finally, complementary strengths individual report challenges implement them practice.

Language: Английский

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Vegetation recovery drivers at short-term after fire are plant community-dependent in mediterranean burned landscapes

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 539, P. 121034 - 121034

Published: April 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Peat fires and legacy toxic metal release: An integrative biogeochemical and ecohydrological conceptual framework

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 104867 - 104867

Published: July 11, 2024

Peatlands are potent landscape sinks of natural and industrial toxic metals metalloids (TMMs) but the long-term sequestration TMMs in peatlands is at increasing risk due to climate change enhanced peatland fires. The ability retain results from a host interacting hydrological, biological, geomorphological, chemical feedbacks, which underpin functionality general. Fire transformative force that often disrupts these interactions leading potential release our air, land, water. Given wildfire burned area severity there need for conceptual understanding interactive processes. Prior fire, TMM mobility relatively low, controlled by peatland's degree minerotrophy, degradation status, hydrogeomorphic setting hydroclimate. Incidentally, characteristics also control likelihood peat ignition, creating important feedbacks on landscape. Following temperature duration fire plays critical role determining emissions atmosphere post-fire geochemical conditions. We elucidate varied emission factors different metals, where range 0.2 (Co or Cd) 300 (Al) mg metal per kg particulate matter emitted depending specific likely pre-fire concentration. hydrological changes become increasingly important. For example, increases pH play strongest limiting mobilization concurrent dissolved organic aromaticity complicate processes, knowledge gap. At larger spatial scales, watershed ecohydrological connectivity erosion modulate aquatic systems. Yet, evolution as vegetation hydrology recover conditions over course several tens years governed same controls impact mobility. Critically, uncertainty trajectories depends climatological, conditions, accurately predict under rapidly changing climate. This extensive interdisciplinary review guides development framework highlights future research needs better respond emerging threat legacy wildfires.

Language: Английский

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Spatial variability in Arctic–boreal fire regimes influenced by environmental and human factors

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 866 - 873

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Abstract Wildfire activity in Arctic and boreal regions is rapidly increasing, with severe consequences for climate human health. Regional long-term variations fire frequency intensity characterize regimes. The spatial variability Arctic–boreal regimes their environmental anthropogenic drivers, however, remain poorly understood. Here we present a tracking system to map the sub-daily evolution of all circumpolar fires between 2012 2023 using 375 m Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite active detections resulting dataset ignition time, location, size, duration, spread individual fires. We use this classify biomes into seven distinct ‘pyroregions’ unique climatic geographic environments. find that these pyroregions exhibit varying responses North America, eastern Siberia northern tundra showing highest sensitivity lightning density. In addition, factors play an important role influencing number interacting other factors. Understanding its interconnected drivers domain improving future predictions identifying areas at risk extreme events.

Language: Английский

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Sparse subalpine forest recovery pathways, plant communities, and carbon stocks 34 years after stand‐replacing fire

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 95(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Abstract Changing global climate and wildfire regimes are threatening forest resilience (i.e., the ability to recover from disturbance). Yet distinguishing areas of “no” versus “slow” postfire recovery is challenging, consequences sparse tree regeneration for plant communities carbon dynamics uncertain. We studied previously forested where remained 34 years after large, stand‐replacing 1988 Yellowstone fires (Wyoming, USA) ask following questions: (1) What pathways in reduced how they distributed across landscape? (2) explains variation density (total by species) among pathways? (3) implications understory communities? (4) How diminished aboveground stocks recovery? Tree densities species‐specific age distributions, communities, were sampled 55 plots during summer 2022. detected three qualitatively distinct (persistent or non‐forest, continuous infilling, recent seedling sapling establishment). Nearly half appeared “locked in” as persistently while remaining may be on a slow path recovery. Plots with nearby upwind seed sources well situ pressure young trees appear likely forest. Where absent, resembled those found meadows, capturing compositional changes expected become more common continued loss. However, forest‐affinity species persisted mesic locations, indicating mismatches between some future change. Aboveground low owing minimal reestablishment. Almost all (96%) was stored coarse wood, sharp departure C storage patterns forests recovering. If not offset regeneration, decomposition dead biomass will protract stock As disturbance continue change, determining drivers ecosystem reorganization understanding such cascade influence structure function increasingly important.

Language: Английский

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In this current wildfire crisis, acknowledge widespread suffering

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract With climate change causing more extreme weather events globally, scientists have argued that societies three options: mitigation, adaptation or suffering. In recent years, devastating wildfires caused significant suffering, yet the extent of this suffering has not been defined. To encapsulate we determined impacts and effects through two systematic literature reviews. Six common themes wildfire emerged: environmental, social, physical, mental, cultural resource These varied in scale: from local to regional; individuals communities; ecosystems landscapes. We then applied these Las Maquinas (Chile) Fort McMurray (Canada) wildfires. This highlighted several strategies can reduce however our exploration indicates must address social ecological factors. analysis concludes is diverse widespread, engagement with needed if going decrease.

Language: Английский

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