Occurrence, fate, and remediation for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge: A comprehensive review

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 133637 - 133637

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Addressing per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination is an urgent environmental concern. While most research has focused on PFAS in water matrices, comparatively little attention been given to sludge, a significant by-product of wastewater treatment. This critical review presents the latest information emission sources, global distribution, international regulations, analytical methods, and remediation technologies for sludge biosolids from treatment plants. concentrations matrices are typically hundreds ng/g dry weight (dw) developed countries but rarely reported developing least-developed due limited capability. In comparison samples, efficient extraction cleaning procedures crucial detection samples. regulations have mainly soil reuse, only two set limits or with maximum 100 dw major PFAS. Biological using microbes enzymes present considered as having high potential remediation, they eco-friendly, low-cost, promising. By contrast, physical/chemical methods either energy-intensive linked further challenges disposal. The findings this deepen our comprehension guided future recommendations.

Language: Английский

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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Toilet Paper and the Impact on Wastewater Systems

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 234 - 239

Published: March 1, 2023

Here, we evaluate a perhaps unexpected contributor of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to our wastewater, an input anticipated at every wastewater treatment facility─toilet paper. In this study, both toilet paper sludge were characterized explore the magnitude potential PFAS loading into systems from sludge, 6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2 diPAP) was most prevalent detected, usage estimated contribute 6.4 80 μg/person-year diPAP wastewater–water systems. Our results suggest that should be considered as potentially major source entering

Language: Английский

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Biosolids, an important route for transporting poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances from wastewater treatment plants into the environment: A systematic review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 925, P. 171559 - 171559

Published: March 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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A critical science mapping approach on removal mechanism and pathways of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water and wastewater: A comprehensive review

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 492, P. 152272 - 152272

Published: May 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Truth of Interactions between Microplastics and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Microplastics as a Carrier of PFASs and Beyond

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Microplastics (MPs) and per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous contaminants in environments, yet their co-occurrence interactions remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we confirmed the concurrent presence of MPs PFASs distinct distribution patterns a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) through comprehensive sampling analysis effort. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between specific types PFASs, suggesting shared sources. Moreover, identified as carriers with PFAS concentration ranging 122 166 ng/g, predominantly consisting perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) perfluorobutanoic (PFBA). The laboratory verification experiment revealed that could be leached from aqueous which commercial exhibited higher leaching potential, highest combined perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), PFOA, PFBA reaching 10.4 ng/mL. PFOS demonstrated desorption efficiency exceeding 120% sorption/desorption experiments, confirming its release themselves. These results highlighted dual roles both sources PFASs. contaminant profiles across different matrices WWTP provide valuable insights form basis for further research into proactive measures to effectively mitigate environmental contamination.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review of pre- and post-treatment approaches to achieve sustainable desalination for different water streams

Desalination, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 566, P. 116944 - 116944

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Desalination is an energy intensive process requiring adequate pre- and post- treatment. The novelty of this paper that it jointly reviews the technologies for pre-treatment, desalination post-treatment bridges gap between them while comparing treatment methods needed depending on type feed water including seawater, brackish water, municipal industrial wastewater. Those different streams show wide variability, sometimes containing organics, oil or scaling precursors which require Nowadays, membrane pre-treatment have become promising alternatives to conventional techniques thanks their flexibility. Hybrid shown great potential in reducing consumption. Moreover, plants produce large quantities brines reduce environmental impacts. Current research looking into recovering salts, metals potable from achieve zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Thermal-based ZLD are capable extracting those resources membrane-based mostly limited pre-concentration recovery due fouling issues. Several studies systems can lower cost increase profitability if crystals recovered sold additional revenue.

Language: Английский

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Pharmaceuticals Account for a Significant Proportion of the Extractable Organic Fluorine in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 328 - 336

Published: March 30, 2023

Fluorine mass balance studies have shown that monomeric per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with perfluoroalkyl chain lengths of ∼5–14 carbon atoms (i.e., "conventional" PFAS) account for a fraction (∼2%) the extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. The identity remaining EOF has thus far been unclear but may be partly attributable to fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals pesticides used throughout society. To test this hypothesis, we applied high resolution spectrometry-based suspect screening samples WWTP sludge which had previously subjected balance. Sixteen pharmaceutical (including transformation products [TPs]), one pesticide, thirteen conventional PFAS were confirmed at confidence levels 1–4 (semi)quantified, revealing concentrations ranging from 0.07 155 ng/g dw. Notably, eight did not meet OECD definition PFAS. When converted equivalents, newly detected organofluorine increased percentage known ∼2% ∼27%, ∼22% was attributed pesticide substances, greatest contributions ticagrelor TP (4.0%), ezetimibe (3.9%), bicalutamide (3.5%). These data highlight importance considering both unconventional non-PFAS addition when closing

Language: Английский

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A critical review of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) landfill disposal in the United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 905, P. 167185 - 167185

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Mass flow of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a Swedish municipal wastewater network and wastewater treatment plant

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 336, P. 139182 - 139182

Published: June 9, 2023

PER: and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitously distributed in wastewater, due to their numerous uses industry consumer products, but little is known of PFAS mass flows municipal wastewater network systems within treatment plants (WWTPs). This study assessed 26 a WWTP, provide new insights into sources, transport, fate different steps. Wastewater sludge samples were collected from pumping stations the main WWTP Uppsala, Sweden. composition profiles used identify sources sewage network. one station showed elevated concentrations C3-C8 PFCA, likely caused by an industrial source, two had 6:2 FTSA, probably originating nearby firefighter training facility. Within short-chain dominated whereas long-chain sludge. The ratio perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSA) ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid (EtFOSAA) ∑26PFAS decreased during process, sorption sludge, also transformation (EtFOSAA). Overall, not efficiently removed with mean removal efficiency 10 ± 68% for individual PFAS, resulting discharge 7000 mg d-1 recipient. shows that conventional WWTPs inefficient removing so advanced techniques needed.

Language: Английский

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Emission of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from a Waste-to-Energy Plant─Occurrence in Ashes, Treated Process Water, and First Observation in Flue Gas

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(27), P. 10089 - 10095

Published: June 15, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of compounds commonly used as industrial chemicals constituents consumer products, e.g., surfactants surface protectors. When products containing PFASs reach their end life, some up in waste streams sent to waste-to-energy (WtE) plants. However, the fate WtE processes is largely unknown, potential enter environment via ash, gypsum, treated process water, flue gas. This study forms part comprehensive investigation occurrence distribution residues. Sampling was performed during incineration two different mixes: normal municipal solid (MSWI) mix with 5–8 wt % sewage sludge added MSWI (referred Sludge:MSWI). were identified all examined residues, short-chain (C4–C7) perfluorocarboxylic acids being most abundant. Total levels extractable higher Sludge:MSWI than MSWI, total annual release estimated be 47 13 g, respectively. Furthermore, detected gas for first time (4.0–5.6 ng m–3). Our results demonstrate that not fully degraded by high temperatures conversion can emitted from plant

Language: Английский

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