Desalination
has
exponentially
increased
in
the
Mediterranean
basin
due
to
water
scarcity.
Transplantation
experiments
were
performed
with
endemic
seagrass
P.
oceanica
following
a
brine
dilution
plume
desalination
plant
Spain.
placed
at
3
locations:
control
(~37
psu),
intermediate
influence
(IB,
~39.5
psu)
and
high
(HB,
~42
psu).
Reactive
oxygen
species
endpoints
(i.e.
H2O2,
lipid
peroxidation,
ascorbate)
regulation
of
genes
involved
antioxidant
osmoregulation
analysed
1,
6
days.
H2O2
TBARS
IB
HB,
ASC
decreased
indicating
ROS
excess,
peroxidation
consumption.
Genes
related
(SOS1,
SOS3,
AKT2/3)
response
(GR,
APX,
FeSOD,
MnSOD,
STRK1)
upregulated
brine-exposed
plants,
especially
early
experiment
stages,
later
evidence
drop
although
still
within
positive
levels
expression.
The
results
showed
that
recorded
oxidative
stress
osmoregulatory
responses
caused
by
brines
interacting
other
environmental
pressures
natural
and/or
anthropogenic).
approach
delivered
battery
biomarkers
can
be
also
globally
applied
using
relevant
macrophytes
seagrasses,
macroalgae)
for
monitoring
programs
(EMPs),
address
stressors
their
isolated/combined
contribution
marine
pollution.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
916, P. 170326 - 170326
Published: Jan. 22, 2024
Seawater
desalination
by
reverse
osmosis
is
growing
exponentially
due
to
water
scarcity.
Byproducts
of
this
process
(e.g.
brines),
are
generally
discharged
directly
into
the
coastal
ecosystem,
causing
detrimental
effects,
on
benthic
organisms.
Understanding
cellular
stress
response
these
organisms
(biomarkers),
could
be
crucial
for
establishing
appropriate
salinity
thresholds
brines.
Early
biomarkers
can
serve
as
valuable
tools
monitoring
health
status
brine-impacted
organisms,
enabling
prediction
long-term
irreversible
damage
caused
industry.
In
study,
we
conducted
laboratory-controlled
experiments
assess
and
molecular
against
brine
exposure
in
two
salinity-sensitive
Mediterranean
seagrasses:
Posidonia
oceanica
Cymodocea
nodosa.
Treatments
involved
39,
41,
43
psu,
6
h
7
days.
Results
indicated
that
photosynthetic
performance
remained
unaffected
across
all
treatments.
However,
under
P.
C.
nodosa
exhibited
lipid
oxidative
damage,
which
occurred
earlier
oceanica.
Additionally,
displayed
an
antioxidant
at
higher
salinities
accumulating
phenolic
compounds
within
ascorbate
d;
whereas
predominant
mechanisms
were
accumulation
total
radical
scavenging
activity,
was
evident
after
d
brines
exposure.
Finally,
transcriptomic
analyses
exposed
psu
days
revealed
a
poor
up-regulation
genes
associated
with
brassinosteroid
abiotic
response,
while
high
down-regulation
related
primary
metabolism
detected.
nodosa,
up-regulated
DNA
repair,
cell
cycle
regulation,
reproduction,
down-regulated
mainly
photosynthesis
ribosome
assembly.
Overall,
findings
suggest
critical
salinity-damage
threshold
both
seagrasses;
despite
moderate
overexpression
several
transcripts
confer
salt
tolerance,
essential
biological
processes
severely
downregulated.
Chemosphere,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
341, P. 140061 - 140061
Published: Sept. 7, 2023
Desalination
has
been
proposed
as
a
global
strategy
for
tackling
freshwater
shortage
in
the
climate
change
era.
However,
there
is
concern
regarding
environmental
effects
of
high
salinity
brines
discharged
from
desalination
plants
on
benthic
communities.
In
this
context,
seagrasses
such
Mediterranean
endemic
and
ecologically
important
Posidonia
oceanica
have
shown
vulnerability
to
elevated
salinities.
Most
ecotoxicological
studies
are
based
increments
using
artificial
sea
salts,
although
it
postulated
that
certain
additives
within
industrial
process
may
exacerbate
negative
impact
beyond
just
increased
salinities
brine.
To
assess
potential
effect
whole
effluent
P.
oceanica,
mesocosm
experiments
were
conducted
10
days,
simulating
increment
with
either
salts
or
plant
(at
43
psμ,
6
psμ
over
natural
37
psμ).
Morphometrical
(growth
necrosis),
photochemical
(PSII
chlorophyll
fluorometry),
metabolic,
hydrogen
peroxide
(H2O2),
thiobarbituric
reactive
substances
(TBARS)
ascorbate/dehydroascorbate
(ASC/DHA),
molecular
(expression
key
tolerance
genes)
responses
analyzed
each
different
treatment.
Although
still
positive
leaf
growth,
associated
parameters
decreased
similarly
both
salt
brine
treatments.
Photochemical
did
not
show
general
patterns,
only
under
demonstrated
greater
energy
release
through
heat
(NPQ).
Lipid
peroxidation
upregulation
genes
related
oxidative
stress
(GR,
MnSOD,
FeSOD)
ion
exclusion
(SOS3
AKT2/3)
incremented
hypersalinity
Conversely,
ASC/DHA
ratio
was
significantly
lower,
expression
SOS1,
CAT,
STRK1
influence.
This
study
revealed
metabolic
differences
occurred
treatments,
growth
(the
last
sign
physiological
detriment)
compromised,
suggesting
mainly
caused
by
brine-associated
particularly
other
additives.
PeerJ,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13, P. e19209 - e19209
Published: April 17, 2025
Background
Seagrass
meadows
are
ecologically
significant
habitats
that
globally
threatened.
Thus,
there
is
increased
interest
in
conservation
of
seagrasses
as
they
face
widespread
decline.
Biotic
and
abiotic
factors
influence
seagrass
can
be
classified
stressors,
such
rising
temperature
eutrophication.
Our
study
met
an
imminent
need
to
consolidate
data
from
previous
studies
discern
knowledge
gaps
identify
trends
studies,
species,
geographic
origination
research
for
the
genus
Zostera
.
For
our
systematic
review,
objectives
were
(A)
qualitatively
assess
summarize
current
state
literature
focused
on
species
within
their
stressors;
(B)
utilize
extracted
full-text
articles
response
variable
measurements,
geography,
designs;
(C)
map
distribution,
type,
number
these
globally.
Methodology
We
included
stressors
associated
with
excluded
other
non-stressor
related
articles.
conducted
a
Web
Science
search
all
databases,
concluding
January
2021,
followed
by
standardized
review
extraction
protocol
using
Colandr
(colandrapp.com)
article
screening
tool.
All
15
participants
trained
same
set
practice
decision
trees
minimize
variation
between
individuals.
After
full
text
extraction,
we
analyzed
frequency
association
locations
studied.
Results
screened
7,331
titles
abstracts
1,098
found
nutrients,
temperature,
light
most
studied
stressors.
The
United
States
America
produced
Australia.
marina
was
frequently
studied,
no
stressor
five
genus.
Studies
measured
variables
across
multiple
levels
ecological
organization,
including
individual
plant,
biotic
community,
environmental
conditions.
As
part
made
publicly
available
interactive
Conclusion
Undertaking
global
allowed
us
more
single
than
any
prior
summarizing
breadth
A
team
effort
training
minimized
bias
during
extraction.
Evidence
limitations
may
exist
due
database
used
protocol,
well
geographic,
biases
studies.
creates
centralized
base
serves
foundational
information
source
research,
while
highlighting
existing
literature.
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: July 31, 2024
Zostera
japonica
(
Z.
),
the
most
widely
distributed
seagrass
species
in
temperate
estuaries,
has
experienced
a
dramatic
decline
of
nearly
75%
over
past
decade.
While
previous
research
investigated
adaptation
individuals
and
populations
to
single
stress
factors,
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
interaction
multiple
stressors
remain
poorly
understood.
This
study
conducted
laboratory
experiments
examine
response
at
different
life
stages
environmental
pressures,
specifically
salinity
turbidity,
as
indicated
by
changes
free
amino
acids
(FAAs).
The
results
demonstrate
that
exhibits
stronger
adaptability
high
environments
but
displays
weaker
freshwater
conditions.
Through
experiments,
turbidity
thresholds
for
FAA
homeostatic
disturbance
were
determined
seedling,
juvenile,
mature
stages.
As
matures,
its
metabolic
pathways
expand
diversify,
allowing
regulation
key
FAAs
enhance
resistance.
Turbidity
exerts
more
pronounced
negative
impact
on
cellular
homeostasis
compared
stress,
when
levels
exceed
150
NTU,
they
significantly
intensify
effects
seagrass.
Furthermore,
under
strong
salinity-turbidity
interactions,
concentration
generally
decreases
20-30%,
indicating
inhibition
growth
development
.
These
findings
have
important
implications
conservation
intertidal
beds
estuarine
ecosystems
face
human
activities
stressors.
provides
valuable
insights
into
’s
adaptations
contributing
targeted
strategies
mitigate
impacts
pressures
promote
resilience
these
critical
marine
ecosystems.
