Multiplexed detection, partitioning, and persistence of wild type and vaccine strains of measles, mumps, and rubella viruses in wastewater

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 24, 2024

Abstract Wastewater surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases may provide early warning outbreaks and identify areas to target for immunization. To advance wastewater monitoring measles, mumps, rubella viruses, we developed validated a multiplexed RT-ddPCR assay the detection their RNA. Because measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is an attenuated live virus vaccine, also that distinguishes between wild-type strains measles in it using sample collected from facility with active outbreak. We evaluated partitioning behavior viruses liquid solid fractions influent wastewater. found assaying fraction resulted more sensitive despite fact viral RNA was enriched due low solids content Finally, investigated stability samples spiked over 28 days at two different concentrations temperatures (4°C room temperature) observed limited decay. Our study supports feasibility population-level surveillance.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater testing during the South African 2022-2023 measles outbreak demonstrates the potential of environmental surveillance to support measles elimination

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Sensitive clinical surveillance and high vaccination coverage are required to meet the WHO 2030 measles elimination target. Whilst wastewater environmental (WES) has proven usefulness in polio surveillance, it not been applied control. We describe development of digital RT-PCR (RT-dPCR) for detection quantification virus (MeV) wastewater, application retained concentrated samples obtained from 28 national sentinel SARS-CoV-2 sites 19 localised collection points a single province before, during after outbreak over 2,000 laboratory-confirmed cases. Methods validated RT-dPCR assay incorporating WHO-recommended primers differentiation wild-type vaccine genotypes. this by ultrafiltration stored at −20°C. compared findings district epidemiological weeks with case data fever-rash districts adequate indicators (>2/100,000 non-measles cases) Findings Amongst 2,149 concentrates between 16 February 2021 08 March 2024, we identified 43 (2%) containing MeV RNA concentrations ranging 2,04-6,11 genome copies/mL. genotype A (vaccine strain) was co-detected 6 instances along non-A (wild-type) Comparison week 27 district-time where least one positive sample identified, which 14 (52%) reported that same week. samples, detected 13/27 (48%) time-district pairs when failed detect (N=127), collected (11%) Interpretation Wastewater may be useful complementary tool identification ongoing circulation. rates improved real-time testing limit degradation concentration nucleic acid extraction processes. Ongoing should conducted order understand role WES control elimination. Funding This work funded BMGF (INV-049271)

Language: Английский

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A systematic review of influenza virus in water environments across human, poultry, and wild bird habitats

Water Research X, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22, P. 100210 - 100210

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Influenza, a highly contagious acute respiratory disease, remains major global health concern. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the prevalence of influenza virus in different aquatic environments. Using 43 articles from four databases, we thoroughly examined water matrices wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) and other human environments, as well poultry habitats areas frequented by migratory wild birds. In WTP influents (10 studies), positivity rates for A ranged 0.0% 97.6%. For B (8 most studies reported no positivity, except three reporting detection 0.8%, 5.6%, 46.9% samples. Within (13 4.2% 76.4%, while environments birds (11 it 0.4% 15.1%. Geographically, were distributed follows: 39.5% Americas, 18.6% Europe, 2.3% South-East Asia Western Pacific. Several subtypes found matrices, including avian (H3N6, H3N8, H4N1, H4N2, H4N6, H4N8, H5N1, H5N8, H6N2, H6N6, H7N9, H0N8, H11N9) seasonal (H1N1 H3N2). The existing literature indicates crucial requirement more extensive future research on this issue. Specifically, emphasizes need method harmonization delves into deserving in-depth such pertaining pig farming low-income countries.

Language: Английский

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Passive Sampler Technology for Viral Detection in Wastewater-Based Surveillance: Current State and Nanomaterial Opportunities

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 1941 - 1941

Published: Sept. 16, 2023

Although wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is an efficient community-wide tool, its implementation for pathogen remains limited by ineffective sample treatment procedures, as the complex composition of wastewater often interferes with biomarker recovery. Moreover, current sampling protocols based on grab samples are susceptible to fluctuant concentrations and may increase operative costs, rendering such systems inaccessible communities in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). As a response, passive samplers have emerged way make more obtain reliable, consistent data. Therefore, this study aims review recent developments technologies provide researchers tools develop novel strategies. promising advances development nanostructured been reported, optimization significant area opportunity area, methods flexible, robust adsorption recovery viral genetic materials would greatly improve efficacy WBS while making them accessible worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced detection of viruses for improved water safety

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

Human viruses pose a significant health risk in freshwater environments, but current monitoring methods are inadequate for detecting viral presence efficiently. We evaluated novel passive in-situ concentration method using granular activated carbon (GAC). This study detected and quantified eight enteric non-enteric, pathogenic recreational lake paired grab GAC samples. The results found that sampling had higher detection rate all compared to samples, with adenovirus be the most prevalent virus, followed by respiratory syncytial norovirus, enterovirus, influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, rotavirus. allowed capture recovery of gene copy targets ranged from one three orders magnitude than conventional ex-situ used monitoring. simple affordable may have far-reaching implications reducing barriers associated across various environmental contexts.

Language: Английский

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Development of a Melting-Curve-Based Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Viruses Causing Respiratory Infection

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2692 - 2692

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

The prompt and accurate identification of the etiological agents viral respiratory infections is a critical measure in mitigating outbreaks. In this study, we developed clinically evaluated novel melting-curve-based multiplex real-time PCR (M-m-qPCR) assay targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) nucleocapsid phosphoprotein N SARS-CoV-2, Matrix protein 2 Influenza A virus, RdRp domain L from Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, polyprotein Rhinovirus B genes. analytical performance M-m-qPCR underwent assessment using silico analysis panel reference clinical strains, encompassing viral, bacterial, fungal pathogens, exhibiting 100% specificity. Moreover, showed detection limit 10 copies per reaction for all targeted pathogens positive controls. To validate its applicability, was further tested simulated nasal fluid spiked with viruses mentioned above, followed by validation on nasopharyngeal swabs collected 811 individuals. Among them, 13.4% (109/811) 1.1% (9/811) A. Notably, these results concordance those obtained commercial kit. Therefore, exhibits great potential routine screening pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Food and Environmental Virology: Use of Passive Sampling to Characterize the Presence of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viruses in Wastewater

Food and Environmental Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 25 - 37

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 leads to a renaissance wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as additional tool follow epidemiological trends in the catchment treatment plants. As alternative most commonly used composite samples surveillance programs, passive sampling is increasingly studied. However, many sorbent materials different reports hamper comparison results and standardization approach necessary. Here, we compared cost-effective sorption (cheesecloths, gauze swabs, electronegative filters, glass wool, tampons) torpedo-style housings with samples. Despite remarkable variability concentration SARS-CoV-2-specific gene copies, analysis parallel-deposited samplers sewer demonstrated highest rate positive number copies by using cheesecloths. Using this material, monitoring wastewater three small catchments City Dresden resulted 50% (98%). During investigation period, incidence reported cases ranged between 16 170 per 100,000 persons showed no correlation measured concentrations E wastewater. In contrast, constantly higher numbers vs. were found for human adenovirus crAssphage indicating strong differences efficacy methods concerning species investigated. Influenza virus A B sporadically detected allowing results. The study contributes further understanding possibilities limits approaches WBE.

Language: Английский

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Improved passive sampling methods for wastewater to enable more sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 950, P. 175044 - 175044

Published: July 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of PCR-enhancing approaches to reduce inhibition in wastewater samples and enhance viral load measurements

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 955, P. 176768 - 176768

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multiplexed Detection, Partitioning, and Persistence of Wild-Type and Vaccine Strains of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Viruses in Wastewater

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Wastewater surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases may provide early warning outbreaks and identify areas to target for immunization. To advance wastewater monitoring measles, mumps, rubella viruses, we developed validated a multiplexed RT-ddPCR assay the detection their RNA. Because measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is an attenuated live virus vaccine, also that distinguishes between wild-type strains measles in it using sample collected from facility with active outbreak. We evaluated partitioning behavior viruses liquid solid fractions influent wastewater. found assaying fraction resulted more sensitive despite fact viral RNA was enriched due low solids content Finally, investigated stability samples spiked over 28 days at two different concentrations temperatures (4 °C room temperature) through freeze-thaw observed limited decay. Our study supports feasibility population-level surveillance.

Language: Английский

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