Microplastics,
pervasive
in
both
terrestrial
and
aquatic
ecosystems,
have
emerged
as
significant
contributors
to
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions,
including
carbon
dioxide
(CO2),
methane
(CH4),
nitrous
oxide
(N2O).
This
review
synthesizes
recent
studies
from
2022
2024,
revealing
the
complex
mechanisms
through
which
microplastics
influence
GHG
production.
These
include
adsorption
of
nutrients
pollutants
onto
microplastic
surfaces
their
role
substrates
for
microbial
colonization.
The
impacts
vary
significantly
across
different
environments,
such
agricultural
soils
marine
sediments.
underscores
urgent
need
standardized
methodologies
long-term
field
accurately
assess
ecological
consequences
microplastics.
Notably,
(N2O),
a
potent
with
global
warming
potential
nearly
300
times
that
CO2,
remains
underexplored
context
interactions,
highlighting
critical
research
gap.
Additionally,
synergistic
effects
other
require
further
investigation
understand
cumulative
impact
on
emissions
fully.
calls
coordinated
effort
among
researchers
policymakers
advance
our
understanding
microplastics'
budgets
develop
effective
strategies
mitigating
environmental
climatic
impacts.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
895, P. 165073 - 165073
Published: June 22, 2023
Plastic
forms,
including
plastiglomerate,
pyroplastic,
plasticrusts,
anthropoquinas,
plastistone
and
plastitar,
were
recorded
worldwide.
These
plastic
forms
derive
from
geochemical
or
geophysical
interactions
such
as
heat-induced
fusion
with
rock
in
campfires,
incomplete
combustion,
water
motion-driven
abrasion
the
rocky
intertidal
zone,
deposition
hardened
sediments
bonding
tar.
Thereby,
these
can
profoundly
influence
fate
of
plastics
environment.
This
study
characterized
three
novel
(plasticoncrete,
plastimetal
plastisessiles)
discovered
on
Helgoland
island
(North
Sea).
Plasticoncrete
consisted
common
polyethylene
(PE)
polypropylene
(PP)
fibers
concrete.
Plastimetal
included
PE
rusted
metal.
Plastisessiles
attached
to
benthic
substrates
by
sessile
invertebrates
(oysters
polychaetes).
are
first
composed
two
man-made
materials.
show
that
not
only
result
human-
environment-mediated
but
also
biological
between
plastic.
All
(bulk
density
≥
1.4
g/cm3)
sunk
during
floating
tests
hardly
changed
their
positions
a
13-day
field
experiment
153-
306-day
monitorings,
indicating
local
formation,
limited
mobility
longevity.
Still,
experimentally
detached
floated,
confirming
formation
influences
Furthermore,
showed
plasticoncrete
got
deposited
beach
sand
under
wavy
windy
conditions,
coastal
waves
onshore
winds
drive
sediments.
We
provide
records
Mallorca
(Mediterranean
Sea)
Hikoshima
(Sea
Japan),
respectively,
which
no
phenomena.
our
contributes
growing
fundamental
knowledge
is
essential
understand
role
pollutants
habitats
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
924, P. 171498 - 171498
Published: March 6, 2024
Pyroplastic,
plastiglomerates,
anthropogenic
rocks,
plasticrusts,
pebble
clasts,
plastitar,
plastisoil
and
anthropoquinas
are
examples
of
terms
that
have
been
used
to
describe
the
secondary
products
plastic
litter
melted,
moulded,
pressed,
or
cemented
together
with
other
and/or
minerogenic
sediments
organic
matter,
either
naturally
anthropogenically.
Such
processes
may
also
favor
formation
new
geological
features
containing
plastics,
such
as
coastal
landforms
sedimentary
rocks.
Further
research
classification
this
is
critical
for
understanding
implications
emerging
contaminant
well
create
well-targeted
measures
reduce
it.
The
literature
review
presented
includes
32
peer-reviewed
articles
published
between
1997
June
2023,
all
which
various
burnt
otherwise
remoulded
from
around
world.
Based
on
our
we
propose
a
umbrella
term
different
forms
modified
by
heat
pressure:
Remoulded
Plastic
Litter
(RPL).
If
accepted
community,
important
steps
future
policy
will
be
implement
RPL
into
OSPAR
protocol
monitoring
assessment
marine
thereby
fill
knowledge
gaps
geographic
distribution
RPLs
their
potential
toxicities
nature
humans.
It
clear
spans
globe,
however,
studies
in
Africa,
Oceania,
large
tracts
polar
regions,
terrestrial
areas
general,
scarce
absent,
ecotoxicological
recommendations
development.
In
May
2021,
the
M/V
X-Press
Pearl
ship
fire
disaster
led
to
largest
maritime
spill
of
resin
pellets
(nurdles)
and
burnt
plastic
(pyroplastic).
Field
samples
collected
from
beaches
in
Sri
Lanka
nearest
comprised
nurdles
pieces
pyroplastic.
Three
years
later,
toxicity
spilled
material
remains
unresolved.
To
begin
understanding
its
potential
toxicity,
solvent
extracts
pyroplastic
were
screened
for
their
bioactivity
by
several
Attagene
FACTORIAL
bioassays
(TF,
NR,
AquaTox),
which
measured
activity
a
combined
70
human
transcription
factor
response
elements
nuclear
receptors
6-7
each
three
phylogenetically
distinct
fish
species.
Extracts
pyroplastics
robustly
activated
end
points
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AhR),
estrogen
(ER),
pregnane
X
(PXR),
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
(PPAR),
retinoid
(RXR),
oxidative
stress
(NRF2),
others.
This
profile
was
most
similar
(similarity
score
=
0.96)
that
probable
carcinogens
benzo[b]fluoranthene
benzo[k]fluoranthene
despite
being
complex
mixture
thousands
compounds.
The
diminished
only
slightly
eight
months
after
spill.
AquaTox
bioassay
activation
ERa,
ERb,
androgen
(AR),
PPARa,
PPARy,
RXRb
human,
zebrafish
(Danio
rerio),
Japanese
medaka
(Oryzias
latipes),
rainbow
trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss),
revealing
species-specific
sensitivities
chemicals
associated
with
pyroplastics.
These
findings
provide
needed
information
guide
long-term
monitoring
efforts,
make
hazard
assessments
material,
direct
further
research
on
pyroplastic,
an
emerging
global
contaminant.
Microplastics,
pervasive
in
both
terrestrial
and
aquatic
ecosystems,
have
emerged
as
significant
contributors
to
greenhouse
gas
(GHG)
emissions,
including
carbon
dioxide
(CO2),
methane
(CH4),
nitrous
oxide
(N2O).
This
review
synthesizes
recent
studies
from
2019
2024,
revealing
the
complex
mechanisms
through
which
microplastics
influence
GHG
production.
These
include
adsorption
of
nutrients
pollutants
onto
microplastic
surfaces
their
role
substrates
for
microbial
colonization.
The
impacts
vary
significantly
across
different
environments,
such
agricultural
soils
marine
sediments.
underscores
urgent
need
standardized
methodologies
long-term
field
accurately
assess
ecological
consequences
microplastics.
Notably,
(N2O),
a
potent
with
global
warming
potential
nearly
300
times
that
CO2,
remains
underexplored
context
interactions,
highlighting
critical
research
gap.
Additionally,
synergistic
effects
other
require
further
investigation
fully
understand
cumulative
impact
on
emissions.
calls
coordinated
effort
among
researchers
policymakers
advance
our
understanding
microplastics'
budgets
develop
effective
strategies
mitigating
environmental
climatic
impacts.
