A blood-based multi-biomarker approach reveals different physiological responses of common kestrels to contrasting environments

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 118674 - 118674

Published: March 16, 2024

The increase of urbanization and agricultural activities is causing a dramatic reduction natural environments. As consequence, animals need to physiologically adjust these novel environments, in order exploit them for foraging breeding. aim this work was compare the physiological status among nestling common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) that were raised nest-boxes located more natural, rural, or urban areas landscape with mosaic land uses around Rome Central Italy. A blood-based multi-biomarker approach applied evaluate responses at multiple levels, including antioxidant concentrations, immunological functions, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity. We found lower concentrations glutathione GSH:GSSG ratio values higher proportions monocytes birds compared other areas. also DNA damage rural krestels inhibition butyrylcholinesterase activity area. Finally, we similar study respiratory burst, complement system, bactericidal capacity, plasma non-enzymatic capacity. These results suggest (i) city life does not necessarily cause alterations habitats, (ii) environmental pressures are likely differ typology intensity across habitats requiring specific can help detect. Further studies needed assess which factors responsible differences city, birds, whether consistent time space.

Language: Английский

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Blood transcriptome analysis of common kestrel nestlings living in urban and non-urban environments

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 928, P. 172585 - 172585

Published: April 18, 2024

Urbanisation is one of the main anthropogenic forms land cover affecting ever-increasing number wild animals and their habitats. Physiological plasticity represents an important process through which can adjust to novel conditions environments. Relying on analysis gene expression, it possible identify molecular responses habitat infer environmental factors that affect organismal physiology. We have quantified for first time blood transcriptome common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) nestlings living in urban sites compared inhabiting rural natural found mild differences expression genes among sites, indicating adaptability or acclimation birds habitat. identified 58 differentially expressed between kestrels, 12 kestrels. The most striking involved inflammatory-immunological, metabolic, apoptosis, DNA repair development genes. In particular, we (i) had higher linked inflammation, damage, apoptosis than nestlings, (ii) activation immune cells, type I interferon response, major histocompatibility complex nestlings. Finally, KEGG enrichment insulin signalling as pathway differed This a limited studies vertebrates revealed habitat-associated transcriptome. It paves way further in-depth links physiological variation structure at different spatial temporal scales.

Language: Английский

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Investigation of calcite and huntite/hydromagnesite mineral in co-presence regarding flame retardant and mechanical properties of wood composites

Cement Wapno Beton, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 40 - 53

Published: July 27, 2024

This work examines the characteristics of mineral additives in wood composites that affect fire retardant properties material, and at same time are environmentally friendly. The paper analyzes results measurements for composites, which is natural building material many houses, as well elements their furnishings. Sawdust waste was applied a matrix. In paper, co-presence effect calcite huntite/hydromagnesite investigated. used auxiliary minerals addition to obtain better flame according UL94 standard mechanical composite, such flexural strength modulus. obtained were measured evaluated depending on content composites. indicated sample 40S/ 50H/ 10C most optimal terms ratio modulus flexibility characteristics. Fire materials can be construction industry, electrical engineering applications, acoustic extinguishers [e.g. waveguide construction].

Language: Английский

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Urbanization enhances body condition, but not innate immune defences, in a common waterbird

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

There is a growing body of evidence that urbanization can affect condition and immune function in wild birds, although these effects may be complex taxa-specific. Here, we assessed the on (size-corrected mass haemoglobin concentration) innate defences (haemolysis-haemagglutination assay, haptoglobin concentration bacterial killing assay) 136 Eurasian coots (Fulica atra) from three urban non-urban populations across Poland. We also quantified heterophil to lymphocyte ratio control for potential effect physiological stress defences. found showed significantly better than ones. At same time, no relationship between any defence or condition. Thus, our study offers support condition-dependent function. Our analyses revealed significant differences male female both defences; however, sex-specific responses urbanization. In conclusion, provides correlative habitat enhances condition, but not coot.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Urbanization on Ventral Patch Size and Phenotypic Correlates of Patch Expression in Male Western Fence Lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis)

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT In some animals, males use colorful ornaments or badges to visually communicate with conspecifics. These traits can be condition‐dependent, suggesting that environmental changes could impact the intensity of male sexual signals. Drastic habitat caused by urbanization act as physiological stressors, potentially affecting signaling through condition immune function. Here, we quantified effects on ventral patch size and correlates expression, namely body size, condition, corticosterone concentrations, ectoparasites in Western Fence Lizards ( Sceloporus occidentalis ). We compared three aspects color patches between urban natural populations: area throat patch, total paired belly patches, black borders patches. All measurements across both types were positively related was indicating these may signal competitive ability and/or quality. Males from populations had larger than those after controlling for size. This difference associated a probability ectoparasite infection, but not differences concentrations populations. Our results indicate an effect function although this idea remains untested. Overall, show traits, which have repercussions visual communication environments.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis and antibacterial applications of Gemini-QA N-chloramines with rigid spacer

Tetrahedron Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 155512 - 155512

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Interplay Between Urban Temperature and Feather Coloration: Factors Shaping Immunological Traits in Pigeons (Columba livia)

Integrative Zoology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

The development of anthropogenic structures in cities has resulted thermal heterogeneity, potentially affecting the immunological features urban fauna. In these environments, synanthropic species such as pigeons (Columba livia) exhibit coloration polymorphisms under endocrine regulation mediated by melanocortin system, which determines several traits. Due to potential sources variability, we assessed how habitat influences physiological traits related features, theoretically affected feather coloration, while considering other factors seasonality, body mass, and sex. This study aimed determine whether from locations with different temperatures (Santiago, Chile) color polymorphism exhibited variability plasma immunoglobulin Y concentration, leukocyte profiles, H/L index. results demonstrate that variations characteristics their habitats. Specifically, observed a strong effect heterogeneity on ratio, higher values areas experiencing warmer temperatures, relationship dependent mass. We also identified differential impacts seasonality sex basophil monocyte percentages. Regarding humoral immunity, found environmental temperature plumage melanism was influenced Our findings contribute understanding immune system birds provide valuable insights into response landscape modifications.

Language: Английский

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Limited evidence for genetic differentiation or adaptation in two amphibian species across replicated rural–urban gradients

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Urbanization leads to complex environmental changes and poses multiple challenges organisms. Amphibians are highly susceptible the effects of urbanization, with land use conversion, habitat destruction, degradation ranked as most significant threats. Consequently, amphibians declining in urban areas, both population numbers abundance, however, effect urbanization on genetic parameters remains unclear. Here, we studied genomic response two widespread European species, common toad Bufo bufo (26 localities, 480 individuals), smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris (30 516 individuals) three geographic regions: southern northern Poland Norway. We assessed genome‐wide SNP variation using RADseq (ca. 42 552 thousand SNPs toads newts, respectively) adaptively relevant major histocompatibility (MHC) class I II genes. The results linked differentiation marker types regional (latitudinal) effects, which also correspond historical biogeography. Further, did not find any association between level at local scales for either species. However, but toads, have lower levels within‐population diversity, suggesting higher susceptibility negative urbanization. A decreasing diversity increasing was found MHC while relationship differed regions. populations. Although environment analyses data, LFMM BayPass, revealed numerous (219 B. 7040 L. ) statistically associated a marked lack repeatability regions, multifaceted natural selection elicited by life city.

Language: Английский

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Impact of urbanization on the house sparrow (Passer domesticus): Serum proteome and pathogen prevalence

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 968, P. 178920 - 178920

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Constitutive innate immune defenses in relation to urbanization and population density in an urban bird, the feral pigeon Columba livia domestica

Integrative Zoology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Abstract Urbanization processes modulate the immunological challenges faced by animals. Urban habitat transformations reshape pathogen diversity and abundance, while high population density—common in urban exploiter species—promotes disease transmission. Responses to urbanization may include adaptive adjustments of constitutive innate immune defenses (e.g. complement system natural antibodies [NAbs]), which serve as first‐line protection against infections. Here, we investigated associations host density with NAbs an bird, feral pigeon Columba livia domestica . To do so, employed hemolysis–hemagglutination assay analyze nearly 200 plasma samples collected across gradients five major cities Poland. We found a negative association between score hemagglutination (i.e. activity), but not hemolysis indicating either immunosuppression or downregulation this defense highly transformed landscape. Population was significantly related parameter, providing no evidence for density‐dependent modulation defenses. At same time, there condition (scaled mass index), suggesting resource allocation trade‐offs contrasting effects environment on body condition. The results demonstrate that structure can be important factor shaping pigeon, although these were mediated variation density. Our study highlights complexity links wildlife reinforces need comprehensive ecoimmunological studies

Language: Английский

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