Species
exposed
to
prolonged
drying
are
at
risk
of
population
declines
or
extinctions.
A
key
missing
element
for
assessments
climate
change
is
the
sensitivity
species
water
loss
and
their
microhabitat
preference,
ecotype,
as
both
dictate
environmental
drying.
Here,
we
identified
globally
where
water-sensitive
ectotherms,
i.e.
anurans,
increasing
aridity
drought,
examined
which
ecotypes
more
sensitive
from
238
species,
estimated
how
behavioural
activity
impacted
by
future
drought
warming
scenarios
through
biophysical
models.
Under
an
intermediate
high
emission
scenario,
6.6
33.5%
areas
occupied
anurans
will
increase
arid-like
conditions,
15.4
36.1%
exposure
a
combination
intensity,
frequency,
duration
2080¬–2100,
respectively.
Critically,
conditions
rates
in
dry
regions
almost
double
under
scenario.
Biophysical
models
showed
that
during
warmest
quarter
year,
reduced
anuran’s
potential
17.9%
relative
current
compared
alone
8%.
Our
results
exemplify
widespread
posing
serious
challenge
lives
beyond
effects
temperature
alone.
Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
60(12)
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Abstract
Evapotranspiration
(ET),
a
crucial
component
of
water
consumption
in
the
hydrological
process,
is
directly
controlled
by
soil
moisture
(SM)
and
vapor
pressure
deficit
(VPD)
from
perspectives
supply
demand.
However,
SM
VPD
are
strongly
coupled
through
multiple
physical
processes,
confounding
their
effects
on
ET.
Here,
we
decouple
interaction
between
then
analyze
spatiotemporal
pattern
individual
ET
based
observation‐based
data
sets.
The
results
show
that
limited
rather
than
approximately
63%
global
land
areas
(60°S–60°N),
defined
as
supply‐limited
regions.
From
1982
to
2014,
effect
enhances
significantly
43%
trends
can
be
attributed
changes
themselves
well
vegetation
conditions.
Using
findings
sets
benchmark,
Earth
System
Models
(ESMs)
overall
reproduce
spatial
but
fail
capture
temporal
trends.
Our
highlight
demand
control
varies
with
changing
environments,
which
should
explicitly
considered
when
analyzing
terrestrial
cycle
land‐atmosphere
interaction.
Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(15), P. 3849 - 3849
Published: Aug. 2, 2023
A
key
focus
of
international
climate
action
is
achieving
a
terrestrial
carbon
sink
within
the
framework
neutrality.
For
certain
regions
with
vital
ecological
functions
and
high
poverty
rates,
generation
surplus
income
crucial
for
mitigating
global
inequality.
While
evaluation
economic
benefits
still
faces
limitations
in
terms
inadequacy
inaccuracy,
enhancing
green
alleviation
schemes
urgently
needed.
This
project
introduces
an
analysis
assessing
land-based
potential
based
on
per
capita
ideal
evaluation,
which
compares
regional
under
different
price
benchmarks
explores
tailored
strategies.
It
indicates
that
China
exhibits
seasonal
variation,
ranging
from
approximately
USD
16.50
to
261.41
person
month
average.
Its
spatial
distribution
shows
pattern
lower
values
central
region
higher
north
south,
following
“high
differentiation,
low
clustering”
pattern.
The
can
reach
30%
70%
GDP,
peak
value
19,138.10
year,
meeting
minimum
livelihood
guarantee
needs
economically
underdeveloped
areas.
Simultaneously,
sequestration
Chinese
market
expected
demonstrate
yearly
ascending
trajectory,
approximate
growth
rate
23.6
individual
annually.
southwest,
northeast,
be
prioritized
as
areas
development,
facilitating
more
comprehensive
inter-regional
sustainable
trading.
study
plays
significant
role
disclosing
function
benefits,
promoting
use
“carbon
neutrality”
driving
force
alleviate
inequality
contributing
eradication
Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(1), P. 15 - 28
Published: May 4, 2024
In
1957,
the
governing
equation
of
mass
and
heat
transport
in
soil
or
porous
media
was
popularised,
now
commonly
referred
to
as
PdV
theory.
This
helps
quantify
simulate
water,
vapor
media.
But
at
same
time,
due
fundamental
uncertainty
parameter
equation,
it
continuously
updated.
The
predicting
flux
movement
has
been
subject
many
investigations.
enhancement
factor
(VEF)
introduced
overcome
issue.
When
VEF
introduced,
a
few
researchers
were
able
factor,
but
could
not
provide
guiding
mechanism
representing
observation.
latest
review
from
literature
study,
we
found
new
form
improve
VEF.
It
comes
basis
universal
gas
law,
which
describes
volume
expansion
liquid
water
vapor,
also
buoyancy.
study
aims
buoyancy
phenomenon.
Also,
identify
parameters
equations
that
contribute
effect.
should
be
neglected
because
its
contribution
overall
is
significant.
Vapor
possible
become
out
effect
are
gravity,
temperature,
density
salinity.
Clearly,
understanding
us
better
predict
distribution
temperature
moisture
content.
