Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large chemical family, numerous species can co-exist in environmental samples, especially those impacted by aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Given the limited availability of standards, capturing total amount PFAS is challenging. Thus, oxidizable precursor assay (TOP) has been developed to estimate or precursors perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). This study aims enhance robustness TOP replacing heat activation with UV activation. We evaluated molar yields known water presence Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) two soils. The impact was also soils spiked three well-characterized AFFFs, six AFFF-impacted field soils, nine rinse samples stainless-steel pipe. In 100 mg/L SNROM, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTS), 8:2 FTS, N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (N-EtFOSAA) deionized had good recovery as PFCAs (average 102 ± 9.8%); at 500 significantly dropped an average 51 19%. (with 4% 8.8% OM) individual spikes, 101 9.4%, except N-EtFOSAA, which reduced soil OM. UV-activated assays outperformed heat-activated ones, pipe extract 1.4~1.5× higher PFCA recovery. all test resulted notable shift towards longer chain lengths, particularly for high OM content. confirmed advantages activation, including shortened exposure time (1 hr vs. 6 hr) matrix effects from due dual functions activating persulfate photodegrading

Language: Английский