Royal Society Open Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Synthetic
additives
used
in
petrochemical
products,
such
as
plastics,
rubbers,
resins
and
polymers,
can
enter
the
environment
contaminants
pollute
aquatic
soil
environment.
Thus,
using
natural-based
alternative
compounds
has
excellent
potential
to
reduce
negative
impact.
In
this
study,
role
of
isothiocyanate
derivatives
Cp
1
–Cp
4
,
i.e.
allylisothiocyanate,
1-isothiocyanate-3-methylbutane,
4-methylphenyl
2-phenylethyl
use
primary
antioxidant
was
studied
via
their
HO
•
-radical
scavenging
activity.
Formal
hydrogen
transfer,
radical
adduct
formation
single
electron
transfer
mechanisms
were
investigated
water
pentyl
ethanoate
(PEA)
density
functional
theory
at
M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p)
level
theory.
The
results
illustrated
high
-scavenging
activity
with
rate
constants
about
10
8
–10
9
M
−1
s
.
Allylisothiocyanate
represents
most
efficient
-scavenger
k
overall
5.20
×
1.85
PEA.
These
allow
us
enrich
data
on
effective
from
natural
sources
radicals-induced
oxidation
processes
different
environmental
conditions.
Environmental Pollution,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
368, P. 125701 - 125701
Published: Jan. 16, 2025
Thiourea
vulcanization
accelerators
(TVAs)
have
been
detected
in
various
household
dust
samples,
indicating
their
widespread
human
exposure.
Until
now,
the
occurrence
of
TVAs
urine,
a
suitable
matrix
for
assessing
exposure,
has
remained
unknown.
The
present
study
comprehensively
examined
eight
kinds
urine
samples
(n
=
277)
from
participants
living
Taizhou,
China.
A
total
were
found
these
exhibiting
detection
frequencies
ranging
13%
to
91%,
highlighting
exposure
among
general
population.
N,
N'-ethylenethiourea
(ETU;
1.7
ng
mL-1,
min-max
range,
<
limits
(LOD)-13
mL-1)
exhibited
highest
mean
urinary
concentration,
followed
by
N'-diethylthiourea
(DETU;
0.51
LOD-3.1
and
N'-diphenylthiourea
(DPTU;
0.37
LOD-0.69
mL-1).
Gender-specific
analysis
demonstrated
no
significant
(p
>
0.05)
distinctions
concentrations
ETU,
DETU,
DPTU
between
males
females.
Additionally,
significantly
negative
correlation
was
observed
ETU
levels
age,
with
younger
individuals
showing
relatively
higher
concentrations.
Human
daily
(DE)
values
estimated,
primarily
using
determined
fraction
that
excreted
urine.
DE
99
ng/kg
bw/day,
46
19
respectively.
To
our
knowledge,
characterized
first
time.
These
obtained
data
are
important
advancing
knowledge
on
TVAs.
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone
(6PPD-Q)
has
been
identified
as
the
cause
of
"urban
runoff
mortality
syndrome."
Thus,
ecological
risks
substituted
p-phenylenediamines
(PPDs)
and
their
quinone
derivatives
(PPD-Qs)
in
water
have
gained
global
attention.
However,
large-scale
observation
pollution
characteristics
surface
is
still
lacking.
Herein,
a
nationwide
investigation
revealed
pervasive
occurrence
PPDs
PPD-Qs
riverine
waters
across
China,
with
mean
concentration
∑5PPD-Qs
being
4.9
times
higher
than
parent
∑5PPDs.
Notably,
6PPD-Q
concentrations
at
eight
sampling
sites
exceeded
median
lethal
for
coho
salmon.
National
annual
fluxes
were
estimated
113.1
276.2
tonnes/year
PPD-Qs,
respectively,
Yangtze
River
contributing
more
one-third
total
fluxes.
The
transformation
to
was
dependent
on
atmospheric
hydroxylation
rates
half-lives
PPDs.
A
combined
multimedia
exposure
assessment
that
accounted
82.5%
human
surpassing
contributions
from
dust
air
exposure.
This
study
provides
comprehensive
spatial
picture
China.
national
atlas
highlights
potential
implies
targeted
actions
should
be
taken
mitigate
PPD-Qs.
6PPD
significantly
prolongs
the
photodegradation
half-life
of
abamectin
in
water,
soil,
and
vegetables
by
inhibiting
oxidation,
scavenging
free
radicals,
stabilizing
macrolide
structure.
