Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(19), P. 8704 - 8704
Published: Oct. 9, 2024
With
nearly
40%
of
the
total
plastics
produced
being
used
for
packaging,
up
to
five
trillion
plastic
bags
are
consumed
in
world
annually.
The
inadequate
disposal
waste
and
its
persistence
has
become
a
serious
challenge/risk
environment,
health,
well-being
living
creatures,
including
humans.
natural
degradation
is
extremely
slow;
large
pieces
may
break
down
into
microplastics
(MPs)
(1
μm–5
mm)
or
nanoplastics
(NPs)
(<1000
nm)
after
protracted
physical,
chemical,
and/or
biological
degradations.
A
brief
overview
transport
micro-
aquatic,
terrestrial,
atmospheric
environments
presented.
Details
provided
on
exposure
routes
these
materials
their
entry
humans
other
biota
through
ingestion,
inhalation,
dermal
contact.
greatest
concern
cumulative
impact
heterogeneous
secondary
MPs
NPs
planetary
human
health.
Inhaled
have
been
shown
affect
upper
respiratory
tract,
lower
alveoli;
prolonged
can
lead
chronic
inflammatory
changes
systemic
disease.
These
also
autoimmune
diseases
health
conditions,
atherosclerosis
malignancy.
Sustainable
mitigation
strategies
reduce
MPs/NPs
include
source
reduction,
material
substitution,
filtration
purification,
transformation
value-added
materials,
technological
innovations,
etc.
Multidisciplinary
collaborations
across
fields
medicine,
public
environmental
science,
economics,
policy
required
help
limit
detrimental
effects
widespread
environment.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 16, 2025
Introduction
Depression
is
a
mental
illness
closely
associated
with
neurological
damage
and
characterised
by
high
rates
of
suicide
mood
changes.
As
traditional
medicinal
plant,
Rosa
roxburghii
Tratt
has
been
widely
used
since
ancient
times
in
the
Miao
Dong
regions
Southwest
China
for
relief
sleep
disorders,
indigestion,
anti-inflammation,
neurasthenia
neuroprotection.
The
total
triterpenes
R.
were
previously
found
to
have
certain
neuroprotective
effects,
whether
Kaji-ichigoside
F1
(KF1),
as
its
main
ingredient,
plays
relevant
pharmacological
role
needs
be
further
investigated.
Methods
Establishment
mouse
depression
model
BV2
microglia
inflammation
using
intraperitoneal
injection
LPS
mice
stimulated-BV2
microglia,
respectively.
antidepressant
effects
KF1
evaluated
forced
swim
test
(FST),
sucrose
preference
(SPT),
tail
suspension
(TST)
open
field
(OFT).
number
Nissl
bodies
apoptotic
positive
cells
CA1
region
hippocampus
was
observed
TUNEL
staining.
Then,
levels
TNFα,
PPAR-γ,
TGF-β,
IL-6
cytokines
tested
ELISA
kits.
Finally,
molecular
mechanisms
investigated
Western
blotting
(WB)
immunofluorescence
vivo
vitro
.
Results
dramatically
ameliorated
LPS-induced
depressive
like
behaviors,
neuronal
damage,
apoptosis,
suppressed
pro-inflammatory
serum
mice.
Our
experiment
also
showed
significantly
reduced
cell
viability
attenuated
apoptosis
decreased
mean
fluorescence
intensity
Caspase-1,
NF-κB,
IL-1β,
NLRP3,
Keap1.
However,
GCLC,
GCLM,
GST,
SOD1,
HO-1,
Nrf2
increased.
blot
analysis
that
suppressing
expression
NF-κB/NLRP3
signaling
pathway
activating
PPARγ/CX3CR1/Nrf2
both
Conclusion
In
conclusion,
these
results
suggest
an
effective
alleviator
depression-like
These
signaling,
pathways.
Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(19), P. 8704 - 8704
Published: Oct. 9, 2024
With
nearly
40%
of
the
total
plastics
produced
being
used
for
packaging,
up
to
five
trillion
plastic
bags
are
consumed
in
world
annually.
The
inadequate
disposal
waste
and
its
persistence
has
become
a
serious
challenge/risk
environment,
health,
well-being
living
creatures,
including
humans.
natural
degradation
is
extremely
slow;
large
pieces
may
break
down
into
microplastics
(MPs)
(1
μm–5
mm)
or
nanoplastics
(NPs)
(<1000
nm)
after
protracted
physical,
chemical,
and/or
biological
degradations.
A
brief
overview
transport
micro-
aquatic,
terrestrial,
atmospheric
environments
presented.
Details
provided
on
exposure
routes
these
materials
their
entry
humans
other
biota
through
ingestion,
inhalation,
dermal
contact.
greatest
concern
cumulative
impact
heterogeneous
secondary
MPs
NPs
planetary
human
health.
Inhaled
have
been
shown
affect
upper
respiratory
tract,
lower
alveoli;
prolonged
can
lead
chronic
inflammatory
changes
systemic
disease.
These
also
autoimmune
diseases
health
conditions,
atherosclerosis
malignancy.
Sustainable
mitigation
strategies
reduce
MPs/NPs
include
source
reduction,
material
substitution,
filtration
purification,
transformation
value-added
materials,
technological
innovations,
etc.
Multidisciplinary
collaborations
across
fields
medicine,
public
environmental
science,
economics,
policy
required
help
limit
detrimental
effects
widespread
environment.
