Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Thermal Systems: A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(22), P. 21735 - 21792

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are formed invariably through oxidative and pyrolytic degradation of organic materials fuels. Understanding the highly complex reaction mechanisms that dictate their synthesis in thermal systems has been given a great deal focus. Such interest stems from two broad perspectives, namely, enhancing efficiency combustion system, energy recovery fuels protecting environment. Health environmental effects widely vary among PAHs where certain compounds exhibit carcinogenic tendencies. This critical review mainly aims to provide general mechanistic view commonly discussed formation pathways PAHs. The attained knowledge often incorporates experimental measurements kinetic modelings, as well mapped out by quantum chemical calculations. A sampling species is typically conducted via molecular beam (MB)–mass spectroscopy (MS) technique connected reactor (flow reactor, jet-stirred or shock tube). Generally, PAH precursors encompass four categories (radicals molecules): acetylenic compounds, alkyl radicals, phenyl resonance-stabilized cyclic radicals. Overall, relevance mechanism depends on consistency between proposed model pathways, profiles products at investigated conditions (i.e., temperatures, pressures, distance burners). effect seeding common precursors, with other explored surveying pertinent studies. Growth higher PAHs, including toxic pyrene, most likely involves hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA)-like starting anthracene bimolecular reactions involve benzyl radicals indene molecules. synergistic collaboration different suggested account for observed fast growth rate As experimentally shown, sequential mass 15 u, 24 26 74 indicate routes MAC, HACA, HAVA*, PAC routes, respectively. Whether physical process initial step conversion into soot (the inception step) still debated literature. Recent evidence underscores commence creating dimers clustering under real flame 400–1200 K). Formation synthetic natural polymers ensues condensation fragments structural arrangements polymeric entities, prior fragmentation. surveyed presented this will be useful readers who aim comprehend chemistry underlying systems.

Language: Английский

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor mosques dust in Saudi Arabia: Levels, source apportionment, human health and carcinogenic risk assessment for congregators

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 946, P. 174331 - 174331

Published: June 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the sediments of an estuary heavily affected by heavy industrial activities

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 118125 - 118125

Published: May 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Research Progress on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Derivatives Emissions from Automobile Exhaust

Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(05), P. 92 - 102

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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DNA index determination by flow cytometry and TEM imaging of the ultrastructure of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a Bio-Ambient-Tests chamber

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 984, P. 179726 - 179726

Published: May 24, 2025

Despite the development of electromobility, diesel engines still constitute a significant share transportation. Given complex composition exhaust emissions and their potential cytotoxic effects, it is crucial to investigate impact on cellular structures better understand implications for human health. The aim this study was Euro 6 gas mixture L929 cells. research conducted using BAT-CELL method, which allows direct exposure cells pollutants under controlled laboratory conditions. Flow cytometry employed analyze cell cycle determine viability cells, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used assess ultrastructure results revealed changes in structure differences proliferation depending engine operating Notably, gases during idling at speed 120 km/h led mitochondrial damage activation death processes. These findings provide important data cytotoxicity may contribute understanding

Language: Английский

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Features of particle-phase PAHs from traffic emissions using tunnel measurement and urban roadside observation in China

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 365, P. 125399 - 125399

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phospholipids cause PAH migration into wet gums during the oil degumming process

Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 464, P. 141578 - 141578

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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