Results in Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21, P. 101676 - 101676
Published: Dec. 14, 2023
Historically,
windows
shading
systems
have
been
part
of
sustainable
design
elements
that
minimize
solar
heat
gain
while
still
allowing
fresh
air
to
pass
through.
However,
there
is
a
lack
comprehensive
research
on
the
impact
natural
ventilation
in
furnished
indoor
spaces.
This
study
aimed
assess
efficacy
vertical
shadings
cross-ventilation
performance
an
office
building
through
numerical
analysis
by
utilizing
computational
fluid
dynamics.
Site
measurements
were
conducted
compare
with
results
and
used
as
boundary
conditions
for
simulations.
The
showed
incorporating
window
has
potential
enhance
rate
when
wind
direction
ranges
from
45°
90°.
Then,
different
fin
settings
applied
various
specific
types
further
analysis.
initial
case
(awning
window)
central
resulted
30.46
%
increase
airflow
compared
non-shading
scenario.
implementation
sash
can
be
considered
most
effective
combination,
which
12.04
rate,
reduction
17.73
velocity
non-uniformity
coefficient,
decrease
31.47
percentage
area
dead
zone.
Lastly,
first
attempt
demonstrate
altering
furniture
placement
improve
presented.
rates
slightly
affected
furniture,
local
age-of-air
surrounding
occupant
could
reduced
56.21
%.
provides
practical
architectural
strategy
enhancing
behavior
shadings.
PNAS Nexus,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2(5)
Published: May 1, 2023
Classrooms
are
high-risk
indoor
environments,
so
analysis
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
transmission
in
classrooms
is
important
for
determining
optimal
interventions.
Due
to
the
absence
human
behavior
data,
it
challenging
accurately
determine
virus
exposure
classrooms.
A
wearable
device
close
contact
detection
was
developed,
and
we
recorded
>250,000
data
points
behaviors
students
from
grades
1
12.
Combined
with
a
survey
on
students'
behaviors,
analyzed
Close
rates
were
37
±
11%
during
classes
48
13%
breaks.
Students
lower
had
higher
potential.
The
long-range
airborne
route
dominant,
accounting
90
3.6%
75
7.7%
without
mask
wearing,
respectively.
During
breaks,
short-range
became
more
important,
contributing
3.1%
9
(without
wearing
masks).
Ventilation
alone
cannot
always
meet
demands
COVID-19
control;
30
m3/h/person
suggested
as
threshold
outdoor
air
ventilation
rate
classroom.
This
study
provides
scientific
support
prevention
control
classrooms,
our
proposed
methods
offer
powerful
tool
understand
characteristics
can
be
employed
various
environments.
Sustainable Cities and Society,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
85, P. 104064 - 104064
Published: July 21, 2022
Since
the
start
of
COVID-19
pandemic,
social
distancing
(SD)
has
played
an
essential
role
in
controlling
and
slowing
down
spread
virus
smart
cities.
To
ensure
respect
SD
public
areas,
visual
monitoring
(VSDM)
provides
promising
opportunities
by
(i)
analyzing
physical
distance
between
pedestrians
real-time,
(ii)
detecting
violations
among
crowds,
(iii)
tracking
reporting
individuals
violating
norms.
authors'
best
knowledge,
this
paper
proposes
first
comprehensive
survey
VSDM
frameworks
identifies
their
challenges
future
perspectives.
Typically,
we
review
existing
contributions
presenting
background
VSDM,
describing
evaluation
metrics,
discussing
datasets.
Then,
techniques
are
carefully
reviewed
after
dividing
them
into
two
main
categories:
hand-crafted
feature-based
deep-learning-based
methods.
A
significant
focus
is
paid
to
convolutional
neural
networks
(CNN)-based
methodologies
as
most
have
used
either
one-stage,
two-stage,
or
multi-stage
CNN
models.
comparative
study
also
conducted
identify
pros
cons.
Thereafter,
a
critical
analysis
performed
highlight
issues
impediments
that
hold
back
expansion
systems.
Finally,
directions
attracting
research
development
derived.
