Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Abstract
Liver
cancer
represents
a
major
global
health
concern,
with
projections
indicating
that
the
number
of
new
cases
could
surpass
1
million
annually
by
2025.
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
constitutes
around
90%
liver
and
is
primarily
linked
to
factors
incluidng
aflatoxin,
hepatitis
B
(HBV)
C
(HCV),
metabolic
disorders.
There
are
no
obvious
symptoms
in
early
stage
HCC,
which
often
leads
delays
diagnosis.
Therefore,
HCC
patients
usually
present
tumors
advanced
incurable
stages.
Several
signaling
pathways
dis-regulated
cause
uncontrolled
cell
propagation,
metastasis,
recurrence
HCC.
Beyond
frequently
altered
therapeutically
targeted
receptor
tyrosine
kinase
(RTK)
involved
differentiation,
telomere
regulation,
epigenetic
modification
stress
response
also
provide
therapeutic
potential.
Investigating
key
their
inhibitors
pivotal
for
achieving
advancements
management
At
present,
primary
approaches
(TKI),
immune
checkpoint
(ICI),
combination
regimens.
New
trials
investigating
therapies
involving
ICIs
TKIs
or
anti-VEGF
(endothelial
growth
factor)
therapies,
as
well
combinations
two
immunotherapy
The
outcomes
these
expected
revolutionize
across
all
Here,
we
here
comprehensive
review
cellular
pathways,
potential,
evidence
derived
from
late-stage
clinical
discuss
concepts
underlying
earlier
trials,
biomarker
identification,
development
more
effective
therapeutics
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(2), P. 228 - 228
Published: Jan. 12, 2025
Triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC)
is
one
of
the
most
difficult
subtypes
to
treat
due
its
distinct
clinical
and
molecular
characteristics.
Patients
with
TNBC
face
a
high
recurrence
rate,
an
increased
risk
metastasis,
lower
overall
survival
compared
other
subtypes.
Despite
advancements
in
targeted
therapies,
traditional
chemotherapy
(primarily
using
platinum
compounds
taxanes)
continues
be
standard
treatment
for
TNBC,
often
limited
long-term
efficacy.
tumors
are
heterogeneous,
displaying
diverse
mutation
profile
considerable
chromosomal
instability,
which
complicates
therapeutic
interventions.
The
development
chemoresistance
frequently
associated
process
epithelial–mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
during
epithelial
tumor
cells
acquire
mesenchymal-like
phenotype.
This
shift
enhances
metastatic
potential,
while
simultaneously
reducing
effectiveness
chemotherapeutics.
It
has
also
been
suggested
that
EMT
plays
central
role
stem
cells.
Hence,
there
growing
interest
exploring
small-molecule
inhibitors
target
as
future
strategy
overcoming
resistance
improving
outcomes
patients
TNBC.
review
focuses
on
progression
drug
emphasis
these
processes.
We
present
TNBC-specific
EMT-related
features,
key
protein
markers,
various
signaling
pathways
involved.
discuss
important
mechanisms
factors
related
within
context
EMT,
highlighting
improve
patients’
outcomes.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
173, P. 116323 - 116323
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
Deubiquitination,
a
post-translational
modification
regulated
by
deubiquitinases,
is
essential
for
cancer
initiation
and
progression.
Ubiquitin-specific
proteases
(USPs)
are
elements
of
the
deubiquitinase
family,
overexpressed
in
gastric
(GC).
Through
regulation
several
signaling
pathways,
such
as
Wnt/β-Catenin
nuclear
factor-κB
signaling,
promotion
expression
deubiquitination-
stabilization-associated
proteins,
USPs
promote
proliferation,
metastasis,
invasion,
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
GC.
In
addition,
closely
related
to
clinicopathological
features,
patient
prognosis,
chemotherapy
resistance.
therefore
could
be
used
prognostic
biomarkers.
USP
targeting
small
molecule
inhibitors
have
demonstrated
strong
anticancer
activity.
However,
they
not
yet
been
tested
clinic.
This
article
provides
an
overview
latest
fundamental
research
on
GC,
aiming
enhance
understanding
how
contribute
GC
progression,
identifying
possible
targets
treatment
improve
survival.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(17), P. 1413 - 1413
Published: Aug. 24, 2024
The
α-Klotho
protein
(hereafter
Klotho)
is
an
obligate
coreceptor
for
fibroblast
growth
factor
23
(FGF23).
It
produced
in
the
kidneys,
brain
and
other
sites.
Klotho
insufficiency
causes
hyperphosphatemia
anomalies.
Importantly,
it
associated
with
chronic
pathologies
(often
age-related)
that
have
inflammatory
component.
This
includes
atherosclerosis,
diabetes
Alzheimer's
disease.
Its
mode
of
action
these
diseases
not
well
understood,
but
inhibits
or
regulates
multiple
major
pathways.
has
a
membrane
form
soluble
(s-Klotho).
Cytosolic
postulated
characterized.
s-Klotho
endocrine
properties
are
incompletely
elucidated.
binds
to
FGF
receptor
1c
(FGFR1c)
widely
expressed
(including
endothelial
cells).
also
attaches
FGF23,
FGF23/Klotho
FGFRs.
Thus,
might
be
roaming
FGF23
coreceptor,
functions.
Notably,
(cell-bound
soluble)
counteracts
inflammation
appears
mitigate
related
aging
(inflammaging).
NF-κB
NLRP3
inflammasome.
inflammasome
requires
priming
by
produces
active
IL-1β,
pores
cell
death
(pyroptosis).
In
accord,
countered
injury
induced
toxins,
damage-associated
molecular
patterns
(DAMPs),
cytokines,
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
blocks
TGF-β
Wnt
ligands,
which
lessens
fibrotic
Low
loss
muscle
mass
(sarcopenia),
as
occurs
diseases.
counters
inhibitory
effects
myostatin
on
muscle,
reduces
inflammation,
improves
repair
following
injury.
inhibition
factors
may
protective
diabetic
retinopathy
age-related
macular
degeneration
(AMD).
review
examines
functions
especially
potential
applications.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(9), P. 1120 - 1120
Published: Aug. 24, 2024
Natural
photosensitizers
(PS)
are
compounds
derived
from
nature,
with
photodynamic
properties.
PSs
have
a
similar
action
to
that
of
commercial
PSs,
where
cancer
cell
death
occurs
by
necrosis,
apoptosis,
and
autophagy
through
ROS
generation.
garnered
great
interest
over
the
last
few
decades
because
their
high
biocompatibility
good
photoactivity.
Specific
wavelengths
could
cause
phytochemicals
produce
harmful
for
therapy
(PDT).
However,
natural
some
shortcomings,
such
as
reduced
solubility
lower
uptake,
making
them
less
appropriate
PDT.
Nanotechnology
offers
an
opportunity
develop
suitable
carriers
various
PDT
applications.
Various
nanoparticles
been
developed
improve
outcome
enhanced
solubility,
optical
adsorption,
tumor
targeting.
Multidrug
resistance
(MDR)
is
phenomenon
in
which
cells
wide
range
structurally
functionally
unrelated
drugs.
Over
decade,
several
researchers
extensively
studied
effect
PS-based
treatment
(PDT)
on
MDR
cells.
Though
outcomes
clinical
trials
were
inconclusive,
significant
advancement
still
required
before
can
be
used
agent
treating
tumors.
This
review
addresses
increasing
literature
progression
efficacy
PDT,
emphasizing
importance
developing
new
nano-based
fight
against
features
photosensitizing
regimen.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Abstract
Currently,
cancer
is
still
a
leading
cause
of
human
death
globally.
Tumor
deterioration
comprises
multiple
events
including
metastasis,
therapeutic
resistance
and
immune
evasion,
all
which
are
tightly
related
to
the
phenotypic
plasticity
especially
epithelial–mesenchymal
(EMP).
cells
with
EMP
manifest
in
three
states
as
transition
(EMT),
partial
EMT,
mesenchymal–epithelial
transition,
orchestrate
switch
heterogeneity
tumor
via
transcriptional
regulation
series
signaling
pathways,
transforming
growth
factor‐β,
Wnt/β‐catenin,
Notch.
However,
due
complicated
nature
EMP,
diverse
process
not
fully
understood.
In
this
review,
we
systematically
conclude
biological
background,
regulating
mechanisms
well
role
therapy
response.
We
also
summarize
range
small
molecule
inhibitors,
immune‐related
approaches,
combination
therapies
that
have
been
developed
target
for
outstanding
EMP‐driven
deterioration.
Additionally,
explore
potential
technique
EMP‐based
mechanistic
investigation
research,
may
burst
vigorous
prospects.
Overall,
elucidate
multifaceted
aspects
progression
suggest
promising
direction
treatment
based
on
targeting
EMP.
Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
73(11)
Published: Sept. 13, 2024
Gastric
cancer
(GC)
is
a
highly
heterogeneous
disease
with
complex
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
that
encompasses
multiple
cell
types
including
cells,
immune
stromal
and
so
on.
Cancer-associated
cells
could
remodel
the
TME
influence
progression
of
GC
therapeutic
response.
Single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq),
as
an
emerging
technology,
has
provided
unprecedented
insights
into
complicated
biological
composition
characteristics
at
molecular,
cellular,
immunological
resolutions,
offering
new
idea
for
studies.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
novel
findings
from
scRNA-seq
datasets
revealing
origin
evolution
GC,
powerful
tool
investigating
transcriptional
dynamics
intratumor
heterogeneity
(ITH)
in
GC.
Meanwhile,
demonstrate
vital
within
TME,
T
B
macrophages,
play
important
role
progression.
Additionally,
also
overview
how
facilitates
our
understanding
about
effects
on
individualized
therapy
patients.
Spatial
transcriptomes
(ST)
have
been
designed
to
determine
spatial
distribution
capture
local
intercellular
communication
networks,
enabling
further
relationship
between
background
particular
its
functions.
summary,
other
single-cell
technologies
provide
valuable
perspective
molecular
pathological
hold
promise
advancing
basic
research
clinical
practice
