The
self-cleaning
and
antibacterial
properties
of
waterborne
polyurethane
(WPU)
films
are
realized
by
constructing
a
micronano
structure
on
its
surface
via
the
controlled
aggregation
graphitic
carbon
nitride
(g-C3N4)
nanosheets.
Based
hydrogen
bonding
between
C═O
groups
in
WPU
NH-
g-C3N4,
g-C3N4
nanosheets
can
be
well
dispersed
films.
Further
increasing
concentration
dispersion
during
coating
causes
enrichment
nanosheets,
triggering
minor
forming
concave-like
with
nm
to
μm
scale
surface.
Due
photocatalytic
capability
free
radicals
formed
when
exposed
visible
light
illumination,
which,
together
large
specific
area
structure,
decompose
common
stains
More
than
95%
daily
lives
stains,
such
as
soy
sauce,
removed
from
hybrid
after
exposure
for
only
1
h.
Besides
hydrophilic
also
highly
resistant
against
lipophilic
exhibit
properties.
99.8%
S.
aureus
bacteria
100%
E.
coli
efficiently
killed
film
2
these
unique
properties,
suitable
interiors
cars,
indoor
furniture,
or
faux-leather
garnets.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 334 - 334
Published: Jan. 26, 2025
Vacancy
defect
graphitic
carbon
nitride
(g-C3N4)
and
conjugated
polyimide
(PI)
polymer
photocatalysts
have
become
increasingly
recognized
as
metal-free
featuring
an
appropriate
bandgap.
The
narrow
absorption
spectrum
of
visible
light
the
rapid
recombination
rate
photoexcited
charge
carriers
in
PI
polymers
g-C3N4
impede
its
photocatalytic
performance.
presence
oxygen
vacancies
(OVs)
photocatalysts,
well
nitrogen
(NVs)
(CVs)
g-C3N4,
can
significantly
enhance
migration
photogenerated
electrons.
Adding
to
improve
electronic
structure
band
gap
width
greatly
efficiency
g-C3N4.
Defect
engineering
is
important
for
increasing
ability
PI-polymer
There
remains
a
notable
absence
thorough
review
papers
covering
synthesis,
characterization,
applications
vacancy-rich
photocatalysis.
This
paper
examines
roles
OVs
PI-polymer,
NVs,
CVs
thoroughly
summarizes
preparation
approaches
employed
before
after,
during
polymerization.
scrutinizes
spectroscopic
characterization
techniques,
such
EPR,
XPS,
PAS,
XRD,
FTIR,
NMR,
vacancy
analysis.
We
also
reviewed
role
vacancies,
which
include
absorption,
carrier
separation,
transfer
dynamics.
could
serve
comprehensive
understanding,
vacancy-engineered
design
framework,
practical
guide
synthesizing
characterizing.
