Progress and challenges in infectious disease surveillance and early warning

Medicine Plus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100071 - 100071

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Building global preparedness for avian influenza

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 403(10443), P. 2461 - 2465

Published: May 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Transboundary determinants of avian zoonotic infectious diseases: challenges for strengthening research capacity and connecting surveillance networks

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

As the climate changes, global systems have become increasingly unstable and unpredictable. This is particularly true for many disease systems, including subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) that are circulating world. Ecological patterns once thought stable changing, bringing new populations organisms into contact with one another. Wild birds continue to be hosts reservoirs numerous zoonotic pathogens, strains HPAI other pathogens been introduced regions via migrating transboundary trade wild birds. With these expanding environmental it even more crucial or counties previously did not surveillance programs develop appropriate skills sample add understanding in migratory breeding through research. For example, little known about bird infectious diseases migration along Mediterranean Black Sea Flyway (MBSF), which connects Europe, Asia, Africa. Focusing on influenza microbiome MBSF, this project seeks understand determinants propagation coinfection connected by flyway. Through creation a threat reduction network (Avian Zoonotic Disease Network, AZDN) three countries MBSF (Georgia, Ukraine, Jordan), strengthening capacities diagnostics; microbiomes; ecoimmunology; field biosafety; proper wildlife capture handling; experimental design; statistical analysis; vector sampling biology. Here, we cover what required build research program, includes learning biosafety biosecurity; permits; next generation sequencing; leading-edge bioinformatics analyses; sampling. Creating networks pathogen will increase coordination strengthen biosurveillance globally

Language: Английский

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Pinnipeds and avian influenza: a global timeline and review of research on the impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza on pinniped populations with particular reference to the endangered Caspian seal (Pusa caspica)

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 26, 2024

This study reviews chronologically the international scientific and health management literature resources relating to impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses on pinnipeds in order reinforce strategies for conservation endangered Caspian seal (

Language: Английский

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Natural variables separate the endemic areas of Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini along a continuous, straight zone in Southeast Asia

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 12, 2024

Abstract Background Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, caused by the liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis Opisthorchis viverrini respectively, represent significant neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Asia. The co-existence of these pathogens overlapping regions complicates effective disease control strategies. This study aimed to clarify distribution interaction within Southeast Methods We systematically collated occurrence records human clonorchiasis ( n = 1809) opisthorchiasis 731) across Asia countries. Utilizing species models incorporating environmental climatic data, coupled machine learning algorithms with boosted regression trees, we predicted distinguished endemic areas for each fluke species. Machine techniques, including geospatial analysis, were employed delineate boundaries between flukes. Results Our analysis revealed that range C. O. primarily spans part China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia. During period from 2000 2018, identified infections 84 distinct locations, predominantly southern China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) northern Vietnam. In a stark contrast, was more widely distributed, documented 721 locations Cambodia, Critical determinants quantitatively analyzed, revealing annual mean temperatures ranging 14 20 °C clonorchiasis-endemic 24–30 P < 0.05). model effectively mapped demarcation zone, demonstrating clear separation two AUC 0.9 to1. Vietnam delineates coexistence geographical , zones transitional area where both overlap. Conclusions findings highlight critical role specific factors influencing . spatial delineation offers valuable insights integrated surveillance strategies, particularly sympatric transmission. results underscore need tailored interventions, considering regional epidemiological variations. Future collaborations integrating eco-epidemiology, molecular epidemiology, parasitology are essential further elucidate complex interplay distributions

Language: Английский

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The Alarming Situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in 2019–2023

Global Medical Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(03), P. 200 - 213

Published: June 28, 2024

Abstract Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause severe illness in wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans. The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian (HPAIVs) has presented significant challenges global poultry industry public health recent years. This study aimed elucidate HPAIVs during 2019 2023. Specifically, we assess alarming spread continuous evolution HPAIVs. Moreover, discuss their transmission prevention strategies provide valuable references for future control measures against AIVs.

Language: Английский

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Tracking epidemic viruses in wastewaters

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Classical epidemiology relies on incidence, mortality rates, and clinical data from individual testing, which can be challenging for many countries. Therefore, innovative, flexible, cost-effective, scalable surveillance techniques are needed. Wastewater-based (WBE) has emerged as a highly powerful tool in this regard. WBE analyses substances excreted human fluids faeces that enter the sewer system. This approach provides insights into community health status lifestyle habits. serves an early warning system viral surveillance, detecting emergence of new pathogens, changes incidence identifying future trends, studying outbreaks, informing performance action plans. While long been used to study different viruses such poliovirus norovirus, its implementation surged due pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. led establishment wastewater programmes at international, national, levels, remain operational. Furthermore, is increasingly applied other including antibiotic resistance bacteria, parasites, fungi, emerging viruses, with methodologies being developed. Consequently, primary focus now creating international frameworks enhance states' preparedness against risks. However, there remains considerable work done, particularly integrating principles One Health epidemiological acknowledge interconnectedness humans, animals, environment pathogen transmission. Thus, broader analysing three pillars must developed, transitioning environmental establishing routine practice public health.

Language: Английский

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Overview of Singapore’s One Health Strategy

Zoonotic Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 2 - 2

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

The One Health approach integrates human, animal, and environmental health to address complex challenges like emerging zoonotic diseases antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Singapore’s dense urban environment, biodiversity, role as a global hub make it vulnerable these threats, necessitating robust coordinated framework. This paper reviews strategy, focusing on governance, surveillance, cross-sector partnerships, public infrastructure. A structured literature review, including peer-reviewed articles grey literature, identified key strengths gaps. Strengths include interagency coordination through the Coordinating Committee, advanced surveillance systems CDLENS SIDPIC, institutions such National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) Public Laboratory (NPHL). However, gaps remain in multi-sector engagement, data-sharing mechanisms, awareness of principles. To challenges, this recommends enhancing collaboration, strengthening networks, increasing education Health. Investments preventive medicine, cross-border capacity-building, leveraging artificial intelligence predictive analytics are essential bolstering security. By addressing gaps, Singapore can enhance its preparedness serve leader implementation.

Language: Английский

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Study of the effectiveness of a supported intervention package in reducing the risk of avian influenza human exposure through the reduction of infections in poultry: Egypt, 2006-2021

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

Introduction: For a decade, avian influenza (AI) viruses were major concern for Egypt since they are endemic in poultry and have caused 359 human infections, accounting 40% of cases globally. Interventions implemented before 2015 proved to minor impact on the spread infection. Since 2015, Supported Intervention Package (SIP) was reduce risk exposure by reducing infections poultry. The intervention package included enhanced surveillance laboratory capacity, early outbreak detection, raised community awareness. This study aims evaluate SIP's effectiveness comparing number rates AI humans after implementation. Methods data from 2006 2021 obtained linked. Human include patients’ demographics, clinical picture, factors, lab results outcome, while prevent positive specimens time place. Confirmation performed testing oropharyngeal swabs collected suspected patients using RT-PCR affiliated laboratory. Positive calculated, descriptive analysis rate infection plotted against demographics factors. Results compared implementation Chi² t-test with p < 0.05 significance. Among all confirmed cases, 346(96.4%) reported 13(3.6%) SIP no 2017. A significant reduction positivity both (2.0 vs 0.2% 2.4 1.2%, 0.001) found 2015. Percent housewives decreased 30.9 7.7%, specimens’ backyards 61.1 47.9%, 0.001. Median days confirmation reduced 3.6 2.8 days. genetic indicated drift occurred possibly due inadequate control measures. Conclusions Study suggesting SIP, which also awareness as shown among enhancing case earlier detection. Continued coordinated efforts between sectors needed contribute elimination disease Egypt.

Language: Английский

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Virological Passive Surveillance of Avian Influenza and Arboviruses in Wild Birds: A Two-Year Study (2023–2024) in Lombardy, Italy

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 958 - 958

Published: April 22, 2025

Avian influenza (AI), caused by Alphainfluenzavirus (family Orthomyxoviridae), poses significant threats to poultry, biodiversity, and public health. AI outbreaks in poultry lead severe economic losses, while highly pathogenic strains (HPAIVs) severely impact wild bird populations, with implications for biodiversity potential zoonotic risks. Similarly, arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) Usutu (USUV) are emerging zoonoses. WNV can cause neurological diseases birds, humans, other animals, USUV significantly affects blackbird populations has potential, though human cases remain rare. This study investigated avian viruses 1654 birds from 75 species that died at the Wildlife Rescue Center Vanzago, Lombardy, during 2023–2024. Necropsies were conducted, virological analyses performed detect viruses, WNV, USUV. Among tested 15 positive H5N1 HPAIV clade 2.3.4.4b, all 2023, including 13 Chroicocephalus ridibundus, one Coturnix coturnix, Columba palumbus. Additionally, 16 (15 lineage 2 1), USUV, 11 co-infections WNV/USUV recorded These findings underscore importance of viral passive surveillance identifying epidemiological trends preventing transmission species, mammals humans.

Language: Английский

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