Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 415 - 430

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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Particulate organic matter as a functional soil component for persistent soil organic carbon

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 5, 2021

Abstract The largest terrestrial organic carbon pool, in soils, is regulated by an intricate connection between plant inputs, microbial activity, and the soil matrix. This manifested how microorganisms, key players transforming plant-derived into carbon, are controlled physical arrangement of inorganic particles. Here we conduct incubation isotopically labelled litter to study effects structure on fate litter-derived matter. While activity fungal growth enhanced coarser-textured soil, show that occlusion matter aggregates formation organo-mineral associations occur concurrently fresh surfaces regardless structure. These two mechanisms—the most prominent processes contributing persistence matter—occur directly at plant–soil interfaces, where constitute a nucleus build-up persistence. We extend notion litter, i.e., particulate matter, from solely easily available labile substrate, functional component which determined.

Language: Английский

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Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil‐associated consumers from protists to vertebrates

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(3), P. 1057 - 1117

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Soil organisms drive major ecosystem functions by mineralising carbon and releasing nutrients during decomposition processes, which supports plant growth, aboveground biodiversity and, ultimately, human nutrition. ecologists often operate with functional groups to infer the effects of individual taxa on services. Simultaneous assessment roles multiple is possible using food-web reconstructions, but our knowledge feeding habits many insufficient based limited evidence. Over last two decades, molecular, biochemical isotopic tools have improved understanding various soil organisms, yet this still be synthesised into a common framework. Here, we provide comprehensive review consumers in soil, including protists, micro-, meso- macrofauna (invertebrates), soil-associated vertebrates. We integrated existing group classifications findings gained novel methods compiled an overarching classification across focusing key universal traits such as food resource preferences, body masses, microhabitat specialisation, protection hunting mechanisms. Our summary highlights strands evidence that commonly used ecology models are types resources. In cases, omnivory observed down species level taxonomic resolution, challenging realism traditional distinct resource-based energy channels. Novel methods, stable isotope, fatty acid DNA gut content analyses, revealed previously hidden facets trophic relationships consumers, assimilation, multichannel levels, niche differentiation importance alternative food/prey, well transfers compartments. Wider adoption development open interoperable platforms assemble morphological, ecological data will enable refinement expansion multifunctional soil. The serve reference for working changes biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, making research more accessible reproducible.

Language: Английский

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Deconstructing the microbial necromass continuum to inform soil carbon sequestration

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 1396 - 1410

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Abstract Microbial necromass is a large, dynamic and persistent component of soil organic carbon, the dominant terrestrial carbon pool. Quantification stocks its susceptibility to global change becoming standard practice in research. However, typical proxies used for do not reveal nature flows transformations within that ultimately determine persistence. In this review, we define deconstruct four stages continuum: production, recycling, stabilization destabilization. Current understanding dynamics described each continuum stage. We highlight recent advances, methodological limitations knowledge gaps which need be addressed pool sizes transformations. discuss controls on process rates aspects microscale structure including biofilms food web interactions. The relative importance stage then compared contrasting ecosystems climate drivers. From perspective continuum, draw three conclusions inform future First, persistence are more clearly defined when viewed through lens continuum; second, destabilization least understood with recycling also poorly evidenced outside few ecosystems; third, response unresolved most ecosystems. Future mechanistic research focused role biotic abiotic determining organo–mineral organo–organo interactions can different scenarios. Our review demonstrates deconstructing key predicting vulnerability changing world. Read free Plain Language Summary article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Cautionary notes on the use of co-occurrence networks in soil ecology

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 108534 - 108534

Published: Dec. 31, 2021

Soil ecology is witnessing exponential growth in the number of studies using co-occurrence network analysis. Researchers reconstruct networks based on taxa or genes across soil samples at a wide range geographic scales - from single aggregates to whole planet and taxonomic scopes, some targeting specific guilds others surveying microbiome as well micro- mesofauna. Co-occurrence can be very useful extract simple patterns complex datasets. Applications include detection abiotic biotic factors that determine community structure, identification keystone their relationship functions, inference mechanisms assembly. However, are more often misused serve mere graphic tools with no attempt hypothesis testing. In this perspectives article, we first review main usage analysis during last decade. We then discuss applications caveats ecology, leaving apart strictly methodological aspects reconstruction, which beyond focus article. Finally, recommendation guidelines – such possibility informing geographic, environmental and/or phylogenetic information hope will facilitate become tool helps elucidate meaningful ecology.

Language: Английский

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A holistic perspective on soil architecture is needed as a key to soil functions

European Journal of Soil Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1)

Published: July 27, 2021

Abstract Soil functions, including climate regulation and the cycling of water nutrients, are central importance for a number environmental issues great societal concern. To understand manage these it is crucial to be able quantify structure soils, now increasingly referred as their “architecture,” constraints physical, chemical biological processes in soils. This quantification was traditionally approached from two different angles, one focused on aggregates solid phase, other pore space. The recent development sophisticated, non‐disturbing imaging techniques has led significant progress description soil architecture, terms both space spatial configuration mineral organic materials. We have direct access virtually all aspects architecture. In present article, we review how this affects perception architecture specifically when trying describe functions A key conclusion our analysis that context, imperatively needs explored its natural state, with little disturbance possible. same requirement applies taking place hierarchical network, those contributing emergence heterogeneous organo‐mineral matrix by various mixing processes, such bioturbation, diffusion, microbial metabolism interactions. Artificially isolated fundamentally inappropriate deriving conclusions about functioning an intact soil. fully account argue holistic approach centres mandatory while dismantlement soils into chunks may still carried out study binding components. future, expected along direction, new, advanced technologies become available. Highlights highlight temporal dynamics activity carbon turnover. reconcile controversial concepts relative formed reshaped time. demonstrated porous not assembly aggregates. Biological physical formation

Language: Английский

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Fungi determine increased soil organic carbon more than bacteria through their necromass inputs in conservation tillage croplands

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 108587 - 108587

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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The soil plastisphere

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 64 - 74

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Soil biodiversity supports the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions in urban greenspaces

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 113 - 126

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 1691 - 1711

Published: April 7, 2022

ABSTRACT The belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation organic matter, supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability support biodiversity both below above ground. However, existing soil food‐web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence there is no comprehensive reproducible approach accounts for resource, size spatial structure in soil. Here I build on generic organisation principles use multifunctional classification protists, invertebrates vertebrates, to reconstruct a ‘multichannel’ web across classes soil‐associated consumers. infer weighted trophic interactions among guilds using feeding preferences prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), distributions (niche overlaps), biomass‐dependent feeding. then reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, calculate energy fluxes assuming steady‐state energetic system. Based fluxes, propose number indicators, related stability, multiple ecosystem‐level functions such as herbivory, top‐down control, translocation transformation matter. illustrate this an example, comparing it traditional resource‐focused reconstruction. multichannel reconstruction can be used assess ‘trophic multifunctionality’ (analogous ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous by web, compare communities spanning beyond With further validation proposed functional could provide effective tool understanding animal diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships This hopefully will inspire more researchers describe belowground–aboveground comprehensively. Such studies informative indicators including active agents biogeochemical models, only locally but also regional global scales.

Language: Английский

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