Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 1691 - 1711

Published: April 7, 2022

ABSTRACT The belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation organic matter, supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability support biodiversity both below above ground. However, existing soil food‐web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence there is no comprehensive reproducible approach accounts for resource, size spatial structure in soil. Here I build on generic organisation principles use multifunctional classification protists, invertebrates vertebrates, to reconstruct a ‘multichannel’ web across classes soil‐associated consumers. infer weighted trophic interactions among guilds using feeding preferences prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), distributions (niche overlaps), biomass‐dependent feeding. then reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, calculate energy fluxes assuming steady‐state energetic system. Based fluxes, propose number indicators, related stability, multiple ecosystem‐level functions such as herbivory, top‐down control, translocation transformation matter. illustrate this an example, comparing it traditional resource‐focused reconstruction. multichannel reconstruction can be used assess ‘trophic multifunctionality’ (analogous ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous by web, compare communities spanning beyond With further validation proposed functional could provide effective tool understanding animal diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships This hopefully will inspire more researchers describe belowground–aboveground comprehensively. Such studies informative indicators including active agents biogeochemical models, only locally but also regional global scales.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotics-heavy metals combined pollution in agricultural soils: Sources, fate, risks, and countermeasures

Green Energy & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 1, 2024

Agricultural soil is related to food security and human health, antibiotics heavy metals (HMs), as two typical pollutants, possess a high coexistence rate in the environmental medium, which extremely prone inducing antibiotic-HMs combined pollution. Recently, frequent activities have led more prominent antibiotics-HMs contamination agricultural soils, especially production spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), metal (MRGs), resistant bacteria (ARB), complexes (AMCs), seriously threaten ecology health. This review describes main sources (Intrinsic manmade sources), composite mechanisms (co-selective resistance, oxidative stress, Joint toxicity mechanism), fate potential risks (soil ecological health risks) HMs soils. Finally, current effective source blocking, transmission control, attenuation strategies are classified for discussion, such application additives barrier materials, well plant animal remediation bioremediation, etc., pointing out that future research should focus on whole chain process "source-process-terminal", intending provide theoretical basis decision-making reference research.

Language: Английский

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A common framework for developing robust soil fauna classifications

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 426, P. 116073 - 116073

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Urbanization decreases species richness, and increases abundance in dry climates whereas decreases in wet climates: A global meta-analysis

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 859, P. 160145 - 160145

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

Soil invertebrates have an essential role in decomposition, nutrient turnover and soil structure formation, all of which are strongly threatened by urbanization. Sealing, compaction trampling pollution destroy degrade city soils potentially damage soil-living invertebrates. The existing literature on how urbanization affects is inconsistent, presenting both negative positive effects. Therefore, here we aimed to synthesize the effects considering their taxonomic (Acari, Annelida, Carabidae, Collembola, Gastropoda, Isopoda, Myriapoda, Nematoda) functional (soil living vs. soil-related; mobility) identities, as well examine overall effect modulated climatic conditions (total annual precipitation, mean ambient temperature), urban heat island (based temperature differences between rural areas) population. In a systematic review using hierarchical categorical meta-analyses, extracted 158 sizes from 75 studies abundance 125 84 species richness. Invertebrate showed increase (r = 0.085), whereas richness significantly decreased with increasing −0.168). reason behind this could be that few generalist can adapt environment achieve elevated densities. annelids −0.301), springtails −0.579), snails −0.233) advancing urbanization, most probably because these animals sensitive pollution, common consequences did not modify but precipitation modified −0.457). Abundance increased drier climates, irrigation moisture, it wet areas were than surroundings. Making future cities more climate-neutral better sustain biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Strong variations and shifting mechanisms of altitudal diversity and abundance patterns in soil oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) on the Changbai Mountain, China

Applied Soil Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 104808 - 104808

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Ecotoxicity of single and mixture of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFOS and PFOA) in soils to the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 335, P. 122221 - 122221

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent compounds that massively used in industry, consumer goods fire-fighting foams. Soil contamination by PFAS is a major environmental concern, there lack of knowledge on both their ecotoxicological mechanisms the concentrations induce adverse effects especially to non-target organisms, particularly case mixtures. This study contributes filling these gaps assessing modelling (in single mixtures for PFOS PFOA at different doses) juvenile endogeic earthworms common species European soils (Aporrectodea caliginosa) levels biological organization (sub-individual individual). The results showed first time combined strong earthworm survival, integumental integrity, growth, sexual maturity genomic stability notably with induction DNA breaks associated no abnormal oxidative DNA-lesion levels. Our demonstrated significant 0.3 mg kg-1 additive

Language: Английский

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Subtropical forest macro-decomposers rapidly transfer litter carbon and nitrogen into soil mineral-associated organic matter

Forest Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100172 - 100172

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Forest soils in tropical and subtropical areas store a significant amount of carbon. Recent frameworks to assess soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under evolving global conditions suggest that dividing bulk SOM into particulate mineral-associated (POM vs. MAOM) is promising method for identifying how contributes reducing warming. Soil macrofauna, earthworms, millipedes have been found play an important role facilitating processes. However, these two co-existing macrofaunae impact the litter decomposition process directly formation POM MAOM remains unclear. Here, we set up microcosm experiment, which consisted 20 microcosms with four treatments: earthworm addition (E), (M), earthworm, millipedes, (E + M), control (only addition) five replicates. The were sterilized prior beginning incubation experiment remove any existing microbes. After incubating samples 42 days, properties (mass, C, N contents), physicochemical properties, as well C contents, 13C abundance 0–5 5–10 cm layers measured. Finally, relative influences microbial on distribution fractions analyzed. mass, associated all treatments significantly decreased after incubation, especially treatment E M (litter mass: −58.8%, C: −57.0%, N: −75.1%, respectively), while biomass E. Earthworm or millipede alone showed no effects carbon (OC) total nitrogen (TN) content fraction, but joint both increased OC TN regardless depth. Importantly, three macrofauna fraction. More than 65% variations throughout can be explained by combination properties. Changes layer are likely due decrease pH increase arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), those probably caused increases exchangeable Ca Mg, gram-negative (GN) bacteria. observed changes resulted from AMF, GN, (GP) bacteria, could Mg GN results indicate coexistence earthworms accelerate more fractions. This novel finding helps unlock processes complex systems serve sinks forests addresses importance maintaining C-neutral atmospheric climate change.

Language: Английский

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Influence of agroforestry systems on earthworm diversity and soil properties in a Sudano-Sahelian landscape

Geoderma Regional, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37, P. e00786 - e00786

Published: March 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Soil Arthropods: An Unsung Heroes of Soil Fertility

Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 118 - 126

Published: May 8, 2024

Soils are crucial elements of ecosystems, and their fertility is maintained mainly by the actions living organisms. The soil depends on its ability to provide plants with vital nutrients needed for growth reproduction. Additionally, acts as a physical medium that facilitates root respiration while also maintaining structural integrity against erosive forces. Arthropods play significant role in enhancing decomposition plant litter two ways. Firstly, they directly turn it into tissues. Secondly, indirectly alter physically chemically, turning substrates can further be decomposed. Termites have higher assimilation efficiencies compared other arthropods, which means convert greater proportion ingested biomass directly. On hand, collembola, oribatid, myriapods, Isopoda contribute nutrient cycling secondary decomposers. They condition breakdown microflora through comminution passage gut. Arthropods, such insects, create tunnels burrows soil, help allow air water penetrate deeper soil. These mix organic materials upper layers In addition, arthropod faeces serve starting point creation aggregates necessary structure integrity. Soil arthropods formation humus, helps retain important ecosystem services, including provisional, supporting, regulating services. Unfortunately, these tiny creatures' contributions environment often undervalued neglected.

Language: Английский

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Ecological groups and isotopic niches of earthworms

Applied Soil Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 104655 - 104655

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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