Contrasting properties of soil organic matter fractions isolated by different physical separation methodologies

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 445, P. 116870 - 116870

Published: April 8, 2024

Physical soil organic matter (SOM) fractions provide increased insight into the biogeochemical functioning of soils. Several fractionation methodologies have been developed to separate particulate (POM) from mineral-associated (MAOM) either by particle size, density, or some combination these two properties. The proliferation approaches separation has led ambiguity regarding what methodologically defined should be understood conceptually represent, hindering robust data synthesis analyses and model development. Here we attempt identify chemical similarities differences amongst POM MAOM separated different physical approaches, with aim guiding choices for future research. We obtained soils 11 farms across United States variable parent materials, textures, pHs, fractionated them using 4 methods. tested single-step methods: a size (53 µm cutoff) density (1.85 g cm−3 cutoff), multi-step combined after full dispersion, which isolates third pool associated coarse, heavy particles (coarse matter; CHAOM), method delayed dispersion free occluded + CHAOM fraction. analyzed all C N concentrations, their isotopic composition, composition via mid-infrared spectroscopy. found that tended very homogenous in character regardless schemes, while varied widely. In particular, isolated floatation was distinct both spectroscopic signature compared alone. Indeed, our results indicated is composite fraction light CHAOM, does not map well onto conceptual pool. more similar terms indicating one-step separations may most effective means isolating contrasting SOM pools time cost-efficient matter. However, analysis highlights POM, exhibit features, three are worth separating size-density when possible.

Language: Английский

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Crop rotation increases Tibetan barley yield and soil quality on the Tibetan Plateau

Nature Food, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract Tibetan barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) accounts for over 70% of the total food production in Plateau. However, continuous cropping causes soil degradation, reduces quality and yield decline. Here we explore benefits crop rotation with wheat rape to improve quality. We conducted 39 field experiments on Plateau, comparing short-term (≤5 years), 5–10 years long-term (≥10 years) or rape. Results showed that barley–wheat barley–rape rotations increased yields by 17% 12%, respectively, while improving index 11% 21%, compared cropping. Both improved consequently yield, mainly increasing microbial biomass nitrogen carbon decreasing pH. By contrast, led decreased organic matter, lower pH, contributing The time. Implementing thus offers a sustainable agricultural strategy security

Language: Английский

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The nitrogen gap in soil health concepts and fertility measurements

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 108856 - 108856

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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The importance of multi‐species grassland leys to enhance ecosystem services in crop rotations

Grass and Forage Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(2), P. 120 - 134

Published: March 29, 2024

Abstract The ongoing simplification of agricultural production systems has resulted in several negative consequences, ranging from losses soil organic carbon and biodiversity to a high dependency on external inputs maintain yields. We identify how grassland leys crop rotations may help mitigate these effects, by conserving enhancing nutrient efficiency. In particular, grasslands containing legumes enhance benefits providing nitrogen, displacement mineral N fertilizer. rotations, transfer some the acquired nitrogen arable follow‐on crops, thereby reducing necessity for inputs, while at same time additional benefits, such as improvement quality reduction weed pressure. However, there are still considerable knowledge gaps about optimize community composition best supply ecosystem services. Although multi‐species have been shown repeatedly across large gradient environments, further research is required determine particularly different environmental conditions. Here, we emphasize importance multi‐site research, network LegacyNet. Finally, present management techniques that optimized both services agronomic performance mechanically cut grazed systems. For latter, consider inclusion bioactive plant species can animal health lower methane emissions grazing ruminants.

Language: Английский

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Crop rotational diversity can mitigate climate‐induced grain yield losses

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Diversified crop rotations have been suggested to reduce grain yield losses from the adverse climatic conditions increasingly common under climate change. Nevertheless, potential for change adaptation of different rotational diversity (CRD) remains undetermined. We quantified how affect small and maize yields CRDs in 32 long‐term (10–63 years) field experiments across Europe North America. Species‐diverse functionally rich more than compensated anomalous warm conditions, long dry spells, as well wet (for grains) or maize) conditions. Adding a single functional group species monocultures counteracted substantial changes The benefits further increase CRD are comparable with those improved For instance, adding three detrimental exceeded average by up 553 kg/ha non‐detrimental Increased richness high temperature, irrespective precipitation. Conversely, peaked at between two four rotation, depending on crop, declined higher diversity. Thus, could be adjusted maximize benefits. Diversifying distinct crops is an cropping systems global warming

Language: Английский

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Complex crop rotations improve organic nitrogen cycling

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 108911 - 108911

Published: Dec. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Quantifying farm sustainability through the lens of ecological theory

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(5), P. 1700 - 1716

Published: May 2, 2024

The achievements of the Green Revolution in meeting nutritional needs a growing global population have been won at expense unintended consequences for environment. Some these negative impacts are now threatening sustainability food production through loss pollinators and natural enemies crop pests, evolution pesticide resistance, declining soil health vulnerability to climate change. In search farming systems that sustainable both agronomically environmentally, alternative approaches proposed variously called 'agroecological', 'conservation agriculture', 'regenerative' 'sustainable intensification'. While widespread recognition need more is be welcomed, this has created etymological confusion potential become barrier transformation. There need, therefore, objective criteria evaluate quantify farm against multiple outcomes. To help meet challenge, we reviewed ecological theories explain variance regulating supporting ecosystem services delivered by biological communities farmland identify guiding principles management For each theory, identified associated system metrics could used as proxies agroecosystem function. We five derived from theory: (i) provide key habitats service providers; (ii) increase non-crop habitat diversity; (iii) edge density: (iv) nutrient-use efficiency; (v) avoid extremes disturbance. By making published knowledge foundation choice metrics, our aim was establish broad consensus their use assessment frameworks. Further analysis association with farm-scale data on and/or delivery would additional validation selection support underpinning theories.

Language: Английский

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Preceding crop legacy modulates the early growth of winter wheat by influencing root growth dynamics, rhizosphere processes, and microbial interactions

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 191, P. 109343 - 109343

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Successive winter wheat (WW) rotations are associated with a substantial yield decline, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. An outdoor experiment was set up using sandy loam soil. WW grown in rhizotrons, soil after oilseed rape (KW1), one season of (KW2), three successive seasons (KW4). We applied zymography harvested plants at stem elongation stage to observe changes activity β-glucosidase (BGU) leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), as well glucose (GLU) imaging release patterns rhizosphere WW. Several biochemical microbial properties bulk rotational positions were measured. KW2 KW4 exhibited reduced plant biomass compared KW1. There higher root length density mean diameter lower specific for KW1 KW4. had mineral N concentration carbon (C) nitrogen (N) than KW4, which translated C:N ratio. A greater extent BGU LAP across profile also visible zymography. Lower dissolved organic C hotspot areas GLU might explain shifts community composition, possibly leading dysbiosis microbes rhizosphere. Soil depth position explained most variance communities. The relative abundance Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Nitrospirota, Chloroflexi significantly varied among positions. Our results highlight effect on properties, dynamics, provide evidence pathways driving decline successively

Language: Английский

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Legume-potato rotation affects soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and rhizosphere metabolism in continuous potato cropping

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Abstract Background Continuous cropping can reduce soil quality and affect rhizosphere metabolism, ultimately reducing crop yield. Crop rotation mitigate the damage caused by continuous cropping, but different patterns respond differently to metabolism. We investigated effects of on physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial quantity, metabolism potato based a long-term field study from 2018 2022. The experiment was set up with following three treatments: ( Solanum tuberosum L.)-potato-potato-potato-potato (CK), potato-potato-potato-pea Pisum arvense L.)-potato (T1), potato-potato-potato-faba bean Vicia faba (T2). Results results showed that pea-potato (T1) bean-potato (T2) significantly improved properties enhanced activity, increased yield 21.19% 28.38%, respectively, compared crop. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis differential metabolites were mainly nucleotides, organic acids derivatives, flavonoids cropping. These are enriched in ABC transporter, purine pyrimidine phenylalanine pathways. Combined analyses legume-potato rotations quantity increasing tuber yields. In addition, correlation l -Tyrosine, Trans-Cinnamic acid, Guanine, Adenine) also strongly associated these measurements. Conclusions Therefore, we conclude modulate abundance function alter low molecular metabolite profile under conditions. Some important may play part cycling nutrients soil, making its better, raising activity enzymes, tubers. above indicate has positive effect soils. It lays solid foundation for revealing complex network metabolic pathways communities after legume rotation. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Shaping the succession patterns of different soil nutrients, enzyme stoichiometry, and microbial communities through rotation systems

CATENA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 236, P. 107740 - 107740

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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