Pathophysiology of Lipid Droplets in Neuroglia DOI Creative Commons

Tina Smolič,

Robert Zorec, Nina Vardjan

et al.

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 22 - 22

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

In recent years, increasing evidence regarding the functional importance of lipid droplets (LDs), cytoplasmic storage organelles in central nervous system (CNS), has emerged. Although not abundantly present CNS under normal conditions adulthood, LDs accumulate during development and aging, as well some neurologic disorders. are actively involved cellular turnover stress response. By regulating excess fatty acids, cholesterol, ceramides addition to their subsequent release response cell needs and/or environmental stressors, energy production, synthesis membranes signaling molecules, protection cells against lipotoxicity free radicals. Accumulation appears predominantly neuroglia (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells), which provide trophic, metabolic, immune support neuronal networks. Here we review most findings on characteristics functions neuroglia, focusing astrocytes, key homeostasis-providing CNS. We discuss molecular mechanisms affecting LD how this may protect neural function. also highlight role (and potential contribution) neuroglial aging

Language: Английский

Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain DOI Open Access
Kirsten Obernier, Arturo Álvarez-Buylla

Development, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 146(4)

Published: Feb. 15, 2019

ABSTRACT In the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and subgranular (SGZ), which are specialized niches young neurons for olfactory bulb (OB) hippocampus, respectively, generated. Recent studies have significantly modified earlier views on mechanisms of NSC self-renewal neurogenesis brain. Here, we discuss molecular control, heterogeneity, regional specification cell division modes V-SVZ NSCs, draw comparisons with NSCs SGZ. We highlight how regulated by local signals from their immediate neighbors, as well neurotransmitters factors that secreted distant neurons, choroid plexus vasculature. also review recent advances single RNA analyses reveal complexity neurogenesis. These findings set stage a better understanding neurogenesis, process one day may inspire new approaches to brain repair.

Language: Английский

Citations

469
Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches DOI
Anne Brunet, Margaret A. Goodell, Thomas A. Rando

et al.

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 45 - 62

Published: July 20, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

222
Ciliary Beating Compartmentalizes Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Brain and Regulates Ventricular Development DOI Creative Commons
Emilie Willoch Olstad, Christa Ringers, Jan N. Hansen

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 229 - 241.e6

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Motile cilia are miniature, propeller-like extensions, emanating from many cell types across the body. Their coordinated beating generates a directional fluid flow, which is essential for various biological processes, respiration to reproduction. In nervous system, ependymal cells extend their motile into brain ventricles and contribute cerebrospinal (CSF) flow. Although not only contributors CSF functioning crucial, as patients with defects develop clinical features, like hydrocephalus scoliosis. flow was suggested primarily deliver nutrients remove waste, but recent studies emphasized its role in development function. Nevertheless, it remains poorly understood how ciliary organizes fulfill these roles. Here, we study of larval zebrafish. We identified that different populations ciliated spatially organized generate powered by beating. Our investigations revealed confined within individual ventricular cavities, little exchange between ventricles, despite pulsatile displacement caused heartbeat. Interestingly, our results showed boundaries supporting this compartmentalized abolished during bodily movement, highlighting multiple physiological processes regulate hydrodynamics Finally, perturbing reduces hydrodynamic coupling disrupts development. propose motile-cilia-generated crucial regulating distribution ventricles.

Language: Английский

Citations

193
Lipid droplets in the nervous system DOI Creative Commons
Isha Ralhan, Chi‐Lun Chang, Jennifer Lippincott‐Schwartz

et al.

The Journal of Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 220(7)

Published: June 21, 2021

Lipid droplets are dynamic intracellular lipid storage organelles that respond to the physiological state of cells. In addition controlling cell metabolism, they play a protective role for many cellular stressors, including oxidative stress. Despite prior descriptions appearing in brain as early century ago, only recently has cells found begun be understood. droplet functions have now been described nervous system context development, aging, and an increasing number neuropathologies. Here, we review basic mechanisms formation, turnover, function discuss how these enable different types under healthy pathological conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

154
Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia DOI Creative Commons
Nathalie Jurisch‐Yaksi, Emre Yaksi, Çağhan Kızıl

et al.

Glia, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 68(12), P. 2451 - 2470

Published: May 31, 2020

The neuroscience community has witnessed a tremendous expansion of glia research. Glial cells are now on center stage with leading roles in the development, maturation, and physiology brain circuits. Over course evolution, have highly diversified include radial glia, astroglia or astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, each having dedicated functions brain. zebrafish, small teleost fish, is no exception to this recent evidences point evolutionarily conserved for development its nervous system. Due size, transparency, genetic amenability, zebrafish become an increasingly prominent animal model It enabled study neural circuits from individual entire brains, precision unmatched other vertebrate models. Moreover, high neurogenic regenerative potential attracted lot attention research focusing stem neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, studies using provide fundamental insights about function, also elucidate molecular mechanisms neurological We will discuss here discoveries diverse neurogenesis, modulating neuronal activity regulating homeostasis at barriers. By comparing made various models, particularly mammals our goal highlight similarities differences biology among species, which could set new paradigms relevant humans.

Language: Английский

Citations

144
Defining the Adult Neural Stem Cell Niche Proteome Identifies Key Regulators of Adult Neurogenesis DOI Creative Commons
Jacob Kjell, Judith Fischer, Amelia J. Thompson

et al.

Cell stem cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 277 - 293.e8

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

The mammalian brain contains few niches for neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of generating new neurons, whereas other regions are primarily gliogenic. Here we leverage the spatial separation sub-ependymal zone NSC niche and olfactory bulb, region to which newly generated neurons from migrate integrate, present a comprehensive proteomic characterization these in comparison cerebral cortex, is not conducive neurogenesis integration neurons. We find differing compositions regulatory extracellular matrix (ECM) components neurogenic niche. further show that quiescent NSCs main source their local ECM, including multi-functional enzyme transglutaminase 2, crucial neurogenesis. Atomic force microscopy corroborated indications analyses significantly stiffer than non-neurogenic parenchyma. Together findings provide powerful resource unraveling unique niches.

Language: Английский

Citations

140
Motile cilia modulate neuronal and astroglial activity in the zebrafish larval brain DOI Creative Commons
Percival P. D’Gama, Inyoung Jeong, Andreas Moe Nygård

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 115195 - 115195

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The role of motile cilia in the development and physiology of the nervous system DOI Open Access
Christa Ringers, Emilie Willoch Olstad, Nathalie Jurisch‐Yaksi

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 375(1792), P. 20190156 - 20190156

Published: Dec. 30, 2019

Motile cilia are miniature, whip-like organelles whose beating generates a directional fluid flow. The flow generated by ciliated epithelia is subject of great interest, as defective ciliary motility results in severe human diseases called motile ciliopathies. Despite the abundance diverse organs including nervous system, their role organ development and homeostasis remains poorly understood. Recently, much progress has been made regarding identity cells motile-cilia-mediated physiology system. In this review, we will discuss these recent advances from sensory organs, specifically nose ear, to spinal cord brain ventricles. This article part Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Unity diversity locomotion transport’.

Language: Английский

Citations

105
Neural stem cell niche heterogeneity DOI

Julia P. Andreotti,

Walison N. Silva, Alinne C. Costa

et al.

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 95, P. 42 - 53

Published: Jan. 15, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

92
RNA-binding proteins balance brain function in health and disease DOI Creative Commons
Rico Schieweck, Jovica Ninkovic, Michael Kiebler

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(3), P. 1309 - 1370

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Posttranscriptional gene expression including splicing, RNA transport, translation, and decay provides an important regulatory layer in many if not all molecular pathways. Research the last decades has positioned RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) right center of posttranscriptional regulation. Here, we propose interdependent networks RBPs to regulate complex pathways within central nervous system (CNS). These are involved multiple aspects neuronal development functioning, higher cognition. Therefore, it is sufficient unravel individual contribution a single RBP its consequences but rather study understand tight interplay between different RBPs. In this review, summarize recent findings field biology discuss Second, emphasize underlying dynamics network how might key processes such as neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, plasticity. Importantly, envision that dysfunction specific could lead perturbation network. This would have direct indirect (compensatory) effects mRNA binding translational control leading global changes cellular programs general plasticity particular. focus on cause neuropsychiatric neurodegenerative disorders. Based findings, alterations entire account for phenotypic dysfunctions observed diseases neurodegeneration, epilepsy, autism spectrum

Language: Английский

Citations

78