Brain Research Bulletin,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 111297 - 111297
Published: March 1, 2025
Intracerebral
grafting
of
dopamine-producing
cells
is
proposed
as
a
strategy
to
replace
the
typical
neurons
lost
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
and
improve
PD
motor
symptoms.
Non-human
primate
studies
have
provided
clues
on
relationship
between
host's
immune
response
success.
Herein,
we
discuss
how
system
differentially
affects
graft
depending
origin
reflect
advantages
limitations
paradigms
utilized
assess
graft-related
outcomes.
We
also
consider
new
strategies
minimize
or
circumvent
immunological
related
preclinical
research
needed
identify
most
promising
approaches
be
translated
into
clinic.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 20, 2022
Microglia
play
a
role
in
the
emergence
and
preservation
of
healthy
brain
microenvironment.
Dysfunction
microglia
has
been
associated
with
neurodevelopmental
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Investigating
function
human
health
disease
challenging
due
to
limited
models
available.
Here,
we
develop
method
generate
functional
cortical
organoids
(hCOs)
from
embryonic
stem
cells
(hESCs).
We
apply
this
system
study
during
inflammation
induced
by
amyloid-β
(Aβ).
The
overexpression
myeloid-specific
transcription
factor
PU.1
generates
microglia-like
hCOs,
producing
mhCOs
(microglia-containing
hCOs),
that
engraft
mouse
brain.
Single-cell
transcriptomics
reveals
acquire
cell
cluster
an
intact
complement
chemokine
system.
Functionally,
protect
parenchyma
cellular
molecular
damage
caused
Aβ.
Furthermore,
mhCOs,
observed
reduced
expression
Aβ-induced
genes
apoptosis,
ferroptosis,
Alzheimer's
(AD)
stage
III.
Finally,
assess
AD-associated
highly
expressed
response
Aβ
using
pooled
CRISPRi
coupled
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
mhCOs.
In
summary,
provide
protocol
can
be
used
fundamental
translational
studies
as
model
investigate
Molecular Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
28(1), P. 96 - 107
Published: Dec. 6, 2022
Microglia
are
resident
immune
cells
in
the
central
nervous
system,
playing
critical
roles
brain
development
and
homeostasis.
Increasing
evidence
has
implicated
microglia
dysfunction
pathogenesis
of
various
disorders
ranging
from
psychiatric
to
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Using
a
human
cell-based
model
illuminate
functional
mechanisms
will
promote
pathological
studies
drug
development.
The
recently
developed
microglia-containing
organoids
(MC-HBOs),
in-vitro
three-dimensional
cell
cultures
that
recapitulate
key
features
brain,
have
provided
new
avenue
pathology.
However,
MC-HBOs
generated
different
methods
differ
origin,
proportion,
fidelity
within
organoids,
may
produced
inconsistent
results.
To
help
researchers
develop
robust
reproducible
recapitulates
in-vivo
signatures
study
pathology,
this
review
summarized
current
used
generate
opinions
on
use
for
disease
modeling
studies.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Jan. 23, 2024
Abstract
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
and
Alzheimer’s
(AD)
are
neurodegenerative
disorders
caused
by
the
interaction
of
genetic,
environmental,
familial
factors.
These
diseases
have
distinct
pathologies
symptoms
that
linked
to
specific
cell
populations
in
brain.
Notably,
immune
system
has
been
implicated
both
diseases,
with
a
particular
focus
on
dysfunction
microglia,
brain’s
resident
cells,
contributing
neuronal
loss
exacerbating
symptoms.
Researchers
use
models
neuroimmune
gain
deeper
understanding
physiological
biological
aspects
these
how
they
progress.
Several
vitro
vivo
models,
including
2D
cultures
animal
utilized.
Recently,
advancements
made
optimizing
existing
developing
3D
organ-on-a-chip
systems,
holding
tremendous
promise
accurately
mimicking
intricate
intracellular
environment.
As
result,
represent
crucial
breakthrough
transformation
current
treatments
for
PD
AD
offering
potential
conducting
long-term
disease-based
modeling
therapeutic
testing,
reducing
reliance
significantly
improving
viability
compared
conventional
models.
The
application
research
marks
prosperous
step
forward,
providing
more
realistic
representation
complex
interactions
within
system.
Ultimately,
refined
aim
aid
quest
combat
mitigate
impact
debilitating
patients
their
families.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 124 - 124
Published: Dec. 30, 2021
Human
cerebral
organoids,
derived
from
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells,
offer
a
unique
in
vitro
research
window
to
the
development
of
cortex.
However,
key
player
developing
brain,
microglia,
do
not
natively
emerge
organoids.
Here
we
show
that
erythromyeloid
progenitors
(EMPs),
differentiated
migrate
and
mature
into
microglia-like
cells
interact
with
synaptic
material.
Patch-clamp
electrophysiological
recordings
population
supported
emergence
more
diversified
neuronal
phenotypes
displaying
repetitive
firing
action
potentials,
low-threshold
spikes
activity,
while
multielectrode
array
revealed
spontaneous
bursting
activity
increased
power
gamma-band
oscillations
upon
pharmacological
challenge
NMDA.
To
conclude,
within
organoids
promote
network
maturation
recapitulate
some
aspects
microglia-neuron
co-development
vivo,
indicating
could
be
useful
biorealistic
human
platform
for
studying
interactions.
Development,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
149(20)
Published: Oct. 15, 2022
ABSTRACT
Deconstructing
and
then
reconstructing
developmental
processes
ex
vivo
is
crucial
to
understanding
how
organs
assemble
physiology
can
be
disrupted
in
disease.
Human
3D
stem
cell-derived
systems,
such
as
organoids,
have
facilitated
this
pursuit;
however,
they
often
do
not
capture
inter-tissue
or
inter-lineage
cellular
interactions
that
give
rise
emergent
tissue
properties
during
development.
Assembloids
are
self-organizing
systems
result
from
the
integration
of
multiple
organoids
combination
with
missing
cell
types
primary
explants.
Here,
we
outline
concept
assembloids
present
their
applications
for
studying
nervous
system
other
tissues.
We
describe
tools
used
probe
manipulate
delineate
current
challenges
potential
new
approach
interrogate
development
