Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(12)
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Abstract
Detecting
exosomal
markers
using
laser
desorption/ionization
time‐of‐flight
mass
spectrometry
(LDI‐TOF
MS)
is
a
novel
approach
for
examining
liquid
biopsies
of
non‐small
cell
lung
cancer
(NSCLC)
samples.
However,
LDI‐TOF
MS
limited
by
low
sensitivity
and
poor
reproducibility
when
analyzing
intact
proteins
directly.
In
this
report,
gold
nanoparticles/cellulose
nanocrystals
(AuNPs/CNC)
introduced
as
the
matrix
direct
analysis
in
NSCLC
serum
exosomes.
AuNPs/CNC
with
“dual
dispersion”
effects
dispersed
stabilized
AuNPs
improved
ion
inhibition
caused
protein
aggregation.
These
features
increased
signal‐to‐noise
ratio
[M+H]
+
peaks
two
orders
magnitude
lowered
detection
limit
to
0.01
mg
mL
–1
.
The
coefficient
variation
or
without
measured
10.2%
32.5%,
respectively.
excellent
yielded
linear
relationship
(
y
=
15.41
x
–
7.983,
R
2
0.989)
over
concentration
range
20
Finally,
AuNPs/CNC‐assisted
provides
clinically
relevant
fingerprint
information
serum,
characteristic
S100
calcium‐binding
A10,
Urokinase
plasminogen
activator
surface
receptor,
Plasma
protease
C1
inhibitor,
Tyrosine‐protein
kinase
Fgr
Mannose‐binding
lectin
associated
serine
represented
predictive
biomarkers
risk.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Abstract
Skeletal
muscle
atrophy
(sarcopenia)
is
a
serious
complication
of
liver
cirrhosis,
and
chronic
inflammation
plays
pivotal
role
in
its
pathologenesis.
However,
the
detailed
mechanism
through
which
injured
tissues
mediate
skeletal
inflammatory
injury
remains
elusive.
Here,
it
reported
that
hepatocytes
might
secrete
mtDNA‐enriched
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
to
trigger
by
activating
cGAS‐STING
pathway.
Briefly,
secreted
increased
amounts
EVs
into
circulation,
are
then
engulfed
primarily
macrophages
subsequently
induce
signaling
its‐mediated
response
muscles.
In
contrast,
suppression
hepatic
EV
secretion
or
STING
significantly
alleviated
cirrhosis‐induced
vivo.
Circulating
from
cirrhotic
patients
showed
higher
levels
mtDNA,
EV‐mtDNA
positively
correlated
with
severity
injury.
hepatocytes,
mitochondrial
damage
promoted
release
cytosolic
mtDNA
subsequent
EVs.
This
study
reveals
hepatocyte‐derived
via
mtDNA‒STING
axis,
while
targeted
blockade
represents
potential
therapeutic
approach
for
preventing
cirrhosis‐associated
atrophy.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(3), P. 371 - 371
Published: March 5, 2025
Background:
Identification
of
targetable
biomarkers
to
improve
early
disease
detection
and
overall
patient
outcomes
is
becoming
an
urgent
need
in
clinical
oncology.
Ovarian
cancer
(OC)
has
one
the
highest
mortality
rates
among
gynecological
cancers.
It
asymptomatic
almost
always
diagnosed
at
advanced
stage
(III
or
IV),
leading
a
5-year
survival
rate
approximately
35%.
Methods:
Current
therapeutic
approaches
for
OC
are
very
limited
mainly
consist
cytoreductive
surgery
cisplatin
plus
taxane-based
chemotherapy.
No
gender
tumor
specific
known.
Exosomes,
lipid
bilayer
vesicles
endocytic
origin
secreted
by
most
cell
types,
represent
sources
information
their
involvement
onset
progression
many
diseases.
Hence,
research
on
exosome
contents
as
tools
targets
precise
oncology
therapy
provides
knowledge
essential
improving
diagnosis
prognosis
disease.
Results:
This
review
attempts
give
overview
how
exosomes
implicated
ovarian
carcinoma
pathogenesis
trigger
further
exosome-based
investigations
aimed
developing
fine-tuning
diagnostic
methodologies.
Conclusions:
investigate
drugs
advance
understanding,
treatment
plans,
create
personalized
strategies,
ensure
safety,
speed
up
translation
increase
patients’
quality
life.
Papers
published
PubMed
Web
Science
databases
last
five
years
(2020–2024)
were
used
bibliographic
source.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 9, 2025
Neutrophil-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(NEVs)
are
critically
involved
in
disease
progression
and
considered
potential
biomarkers.
However,
the
tedious
processes
of
NEV
separation
detection
restrain
their
use.
Herein,
we
presented
an
integrated
microfluidic
chip
for
(IMCN)
analysis,
which
achieved
immune-separation
CD66b+
NEVs
multiplexed
contained
miRNAs
(termed
signatures)
by
using
10
μL
serum
samples.
The
optimized
microchannel
flow
rate
IMCN
enabled
efficient
capture
(>90%).
After
recognition
captured
a
specific
CD63
aptamer,
on-chip
rolling
circle
amplification
(RCA)
reaction
was
triggered
released
aptamers
from
heat-lysed
NEVs.
Then,
RCA
products
bound
to
molecular
beacons
(MBs),
initiating
allosteric
hairpin
structures
amplified
"turn
on"
fluorescence
signals
(RCA-MB
assay).
Clinical
sample
analysis
showed
that
signatures
had
high
area
under
curve
(AUC)
distinguishing
between
healthy
control
(HC)
gastric
cancer
(GC)
(0.891),
benign
diseases
(BGD)
GC
(0.857).
Notably,
AUC
reached
0.912
with
combination
five
biomarkers
(NEV
signatures,
CEA,
CA199)
differentiate
HC,
diagnostic
accuracy
further
increased
machine
learning
(ML)-based
ensemble
classification
system.
Therefore,
developed
is
valuable
platform
may
have
use
diagnosis.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(19), P. 4879 - 4879
Published: Oct. 7, 2023
Triple-negative
breast
cancer
(TNBC)
is
an
aggressive
subtype
accounting
for
~10-20%
of
all
human
BC
and
characterized
by
the
absence
estrogen
receptor
(ER),
progesterone
(PR),
epidermal
growth
factor
2
(HER2)
amplification.
Owing
to
its
unique
molecular
profile
limited
targeted
therapies,
TNBC
treatment
poses
significant
challenges.
Unlike
other
subtypes,
lacks
specific
targets,
rendering
endocrine
therapies
HER2-targeted
treatments
ineffective.
The
chemotherapeutic
regimen
predominant
systemic
modality
in
current
clinical
practice.
However,
efficacy
chemotherapy
variable,
with
response
rates
varying
between
a
wide
range
patients,
emerging
resistance
further
adds
difficulties.
Furthermore,
exhibits
higher
mutational
burden
acknowledged
as
most
immunogenic
subtypes.
Consequently,
application
immune
checkpoint
inhibition
has
been
investigated
TNBC,
yielding
promising
outcomes.
Recent
evidence
identified
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
important
contributor
context
immunotherapy.
In
view
extraordinary
ability
EVs
transfer
bioactive
molecules,
such
proteins,
lipids,
DNA,
mRNAs,
small
miRNAs,
cells,
are
considered
diagnostic
biomarker
novel
drug
delivery
system
among
prospects
present
review
provides
in-depth
understanding
how
influence
progression,
regulation,
their
contribution
predictive
TNBC.
final
part
focuses
on
recent
key
advances
immunotherapeutic
strategies
better
complex
interplay
developing
EV-based
immunotherapies.
