Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 9, 2020

A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18-44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome men the same age or older (over 50 years), indicating global sexual dimorphism rates and survival. This suggests protective role for sex steroid hormone estrogen development. Key proliferative pathways tumorigenesis exhibit dimorphism, which confer females through regulated genes cell signaling. Estrogen regulates activity class Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), control fundamental ion transport functions colon epithelial mesenchymal transition bi-directional interactions Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. also modulates responses hypoxia

Language: Английский

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Sex differences orchestrated by androgens at single-cell resolution

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 629(8010), P. 193 - 200

Published: April 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gender Specific Differences in Disease Susceptibility: The Role of Epigenetics

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 652 - 652

Published: June 8, 2021

Many complex traits or diseases, such as infectious and autoimmune cancer, xenobiotics exposure, neurodevelopmental neurodegenerative well the outcome of vaccination, show a differential susceptibility between males females. In general, female immune system responds more efficiently to pathogens. However, this can lead over-reactive responses, which may explain higher presence diseases in women, but also potentially adverse effects vaccination females compared with males. clinical epidemiological studies reported, for SARS-CoV-2 infection, gender-biased response; however, majority reports dealt comparable morbidity, males, showing COVID-19 outcomes. Although gender differences responses have been studied predominantly within context sex hormone effects, some other mechanisms invoked: cellular mosaicism, skewed X chromosome inactivation, genes escaping miRNAs encoded on chromosome. The hormonal hypothesis will be examined discussed light most recent epigenetic findings field, concept that epigenetics is unifying mechanism explaining gender-specific increasingly emerging.

Language: Английский

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Sexual dimorphism in chronic respiratory diseases

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 7, 2023

Abstract Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and progression are prevalent for various diseases multiple organ systems. This phenomenon is particularly apparent respiratory diseases. Asthma demonstrates an age-dependent pattern of sexual dimorphism. However, marked between males females exist other pervasive conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung cancer. The sex hormones estrogen testosterone commonly considered the primary factors causing dimorphism disease. how they contribute to onset remains undefined. chromosomes under-investigated fundamental form Recent studies highlight key X Y-chromosome-linked genes that regulate vital cell processes can disease-relevant mechanisms. review summarises patterns asthma, COPD cancer, highlighting physiological mechanisms observed We also describe role present candidate on potential contributing

Language: Английский

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Obesity and main urologic cancers: Current systematic evidence, novel biological mechanisms, perspectives and challenges

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 70 - 98

Published: March 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Progress and prospects of mRNA-based drugs in pre-clinical and clinical applications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Abstract In the last decade, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based drugs have gained great interest in both immunotherapy and non-immunogenic applications. This surge can be largely attributed to demonstration of distinct advantages offered by various mRNA molecules, alongside rapid advancements nucleic delivery systems. It is noteworthy that immunogenicity presents a double-edged sword. context immunotherapy, extra supplementation adjuvant generally required for induction robust immune responses. Conversely, non-immunotherapeutic scenarios, activation unwanted considering host tolerability high expression demand mRNA-encoded functional proteins. Herein, mainly focused on linear non-replicating mRNA, we overview preclinical clinical progress prospects medicines encompassing vaccines other therapeutics. We also highlight importance focusing host-specific variations, including age, gender, pathological condition, concurrent medication individual patient, maximized efficacy safety upon administration. Furthermore, deliberate potential challenges may encounter realm disease treatment, current endeavors improvement, as well application future advancements. Overall, this review aims present comprehensive understanding mRNA-based therapies while illuminating prospective development drugs.

Language: Английский

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Discrepant effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on esophageal and gastric cancer risk in a nationwide cohort

Gastric Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 451 - 460

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Discrepant Effect of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on the Hematologic Malignancy Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 94 - 94

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Although high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is inversely associated with hematologic malignancies, modification by smoking has not been reported. We investigated how and menopausal status modify these association. This population-based cohort study enrolled cancer-free individuals who underwent a national cancer screening in 2010 followed up until December 2017. HDL-C levels were classified into eight groups based on 10 mg/dL intervals: (<30, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, or ≥90 mg/dL). Among 4,517,892 participants, 5887 had lymphoma, 3348 leukemia, 12151 unspecified malignancies. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the lowest compared to 70-79 range 1.83 (1.45-2.31) 3.14 (2.41-4.08) 2.34 (2.01-2.72) malignancy. effects of low malignancies similar both men women. Low higher risk leukemia regardless status, but extremely high linked (aHR, 2.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.18-4.55) only current smokers.The hazardous effect lymphoma was significant never smokers 2.01; CI, 1.51-2.68). Hazardous observed post-menopausal women 2.94; 1.69-5.11). discrepancies status.

Language: Английский

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Impact of finasteride on modulating the risk and clinical outcomes of bladder cancer: insights from a comprehensive meta-analysis

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Purpose Numerous prior analyses have highlighted a potential link between androgen suppression therapy (AST) and bladder cancer (BCa). However, there is notable gap in research specifically examining the influence of finasteride on BCa risk clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate preventive therapeutic value for patients. Methods meta-analysis adhered Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web Science databases were searched up 20 December 2024, identify studies that examined intake its impact incidence prognosis patients with BCa. Data was extracted further analysis by two different reviewers who independently titles abstracts included articles. Subgroup leave-one-out sensitivity analyses, applied mitigate confounding factors associated heterogeneity. Results Our investigation revealed markedly decreased likelihood developing (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.88). indicated effect generally consistent, regardless region, types research. Furthermore, no disparities observed OS, CSS, or RFS group control group. Conclusion Finasteride plays protective role against progression BCa, nevertheless, effects prognostic outcomes, including RFS, remain inconclusive. Additional multi-center prospective long-term follow-up are required validate prophylactic cancer. review registration number https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=525046 , identifier CRD42024525046.

Language: Английский

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Mimicking women’s endocrine milieu in mice for women’s health-related studies

npj Women s Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Abstract To improve preclinical studies and their translation, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are increasingly used. They have human-specific tumor characteristics reflect intra inter-tumor heterogeneity. However, the endocrine milieu differs between humans host mice. In light of sex-specific cancer biology a rise in endocrine-related cancers there is an urgent need to correctly hormonal PDX models. We show that female mice NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl /SzJ (NSG) strain widely used for PDXs has 17-β-estradiol (E2) testosterone (T) levels comparable C57Bl6 females but higher progesterone (P4) levels. E2 comparable, T lower P4 than those observed postmenopausal women. Ovariectomy increases Subcutaneous combined E2/P4 silicon pellets provide NSG with premenopausal ovarian hormone These procedures humanize environment experimental animals, improving relevance women’s health-related research.

Language: Английский

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