Biomarkers in long COVID-19: A systematic review

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 20, 2023

Purpose Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, refers to the constellation long-term symptoms experienced by people suffering persistent for one or more months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood biomarkers can be altered in long COVID patients; however, associated with and their roles disease progression remain undetermined. This study aims systematically evaluate blood that may act indicators therapeutic targets COVID. Methods A systematic literature review PubMed, Embase, CINAHL was performed on 18 August 2022. The search keywords COVID-19 were used filter out eligible studies, which then carefully evaluated. Results Identified from 28 studies representing six biological classifications, 113 significantly COVID: (1) Cytokine/Chemokine (38, 33.6%); (2) Biochemical markers (24, 21.2%); (3) Vascular (20, 17.7%); (4) Neurological (6, 5.3%); (5) Acute phase protein (5, 4.4%); (6) Others 17.7%). Compared healthy control recovered patients without symptoms, 79 increased, 29 decreased, 5 required further determination patients. Of these, up-regulated Interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha might serve potential diagnostic Moreover, neurological exhibited higher levels neurofilament light chain glial fibrillary acidic whereas those pulmonary a level transforming growth beta. Conclusion present elevated inflammatory initial Our found significant associations between specific symptoms. Further investigations are warranted identify core set diagnose manage clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling heterogeneity in MSCs: exploring marker-based strategies for defining MSC subpopulations

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: May 15, 2024

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cell population distributed throughout various tissues, demonstrating remarkable adaptability to microenvironmental cues and holding immense promise for disease treatment. However, the inherent diversity within MSCs often leads variability in therapeutic outcomes, posing challenges clinical applications. To address this heterogeneity, purification of MSC subpopulations through marker-based isolation has emerged as promising approach ensure consistent efficacy. In review, we discussed reported markers MSCs, encompassing those developed candidate marker strategies high-throughput approaches, with aim explore viable addressing heterogeneity illuminate prospective research directions field.

Language: Английский

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Endotheliopathy in Acute COVID-19 and Long COVID

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 8237 - 8237

Published: May 4, 2023

The pulmonary endothelium is a highly regulated organ that performs wide range of functions under physiological and pathological conditions. Since endothelial dysfunction has been demonstrated to play direct role in sepsis acute respiratory distress syndrome, its COVID-19 also extensively investigated. Indeed, apart from the COVID-19-associated coagulopathy biomarkers, new biomarkers were recognised early during pandemic, including markers cell activation or injury. We systematically searched literature up 10 March 2023 for studies examining association between long severity outcomes biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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Monocytic HLA-DR Expression in Immune Responses of Acute Pancreatitis and COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3246 - 3246

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal disease with increasing incidence worldwide. COVID-19 potentially life-threatening contagious spread throughout the world, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. More forms of both diseases exhibit commonalities dysregulated immune responses resulting in amplified inflammation and susceptibility to infection. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, expressed on antigen-presenting cells, acts as an indicator function. Research advances have highlighted predictive values monocytic HLA-DR (mHLA-DR) expression for severity infectious complications patients. While regulatory mechanism altered mHLA-DR remains unclear,

Language: Английский

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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: current treatment advances, emerging targeted therapy and underlying mechanisms

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation, often presenting as complex cytokine storm. This hyperactive response can lead to multi-organ failure and systemic damage, resulting in an extremely short survival period if left untreated. Over the past decades, although HLH has garnered increasing attention from researchers, there have been few advancements its treatment. The storm plays crucial role treatment of HLH. Investigating detailed mechanisms behind storms offers insights into targeted therapeutic approaches, potentially aiding early intervention improving clinical outcome patients. To date, only one therapy, emapalumab targeting interferon-γ, that gained approval for primary review aims summarize current advances, emerging therapeutics underlying HLH, highlighting newly discovered targets involved storms, which are expected drive development novel treatments offer fresh perspectives future studies. Besides, multi-targeted combination therapy may be essential disease control, but further trials required determine optimal mode

Language: Английский

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Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Introduction The clinical manifestations of acute severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggest a dysregulation the host immune response that leads to inflammation, thrombosis, organ dysfunction. It is less clear whether these dysregulated processes persist during convalescent phase or long COVID. We sought examine effects SARS-CoV-2 on proportions classical, intermediate, nonclassical monocytes, their activation status, functional properties in COVID-19 patients. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients uninfected controls were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry determine relative percentages total monocytes monocyte subsets. expression markers proinflammatory cytokines LPS treatment measured ELISA, respectively. Results found percentage was decreased compared controls. This due intermediate non-classical monocytes. Classical demonstrated decrease markers, such as CD56, stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, classical showed CD142 (tissue factor), which can initiate extrinsic coagulation cascade, stimulation. Finally, we produced TNF-α IL-6 stimulation, than those Conclusion exhibits effect subsets, status cytokine production persists disease.

Language: Английский

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Worsening Thrombotic Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaques Due to Neutrophils Extracellular Traps: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 113 - 113

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) recently emerged as a newly recognized contributor to venous and arterial thrombosis. These strands of DNA, extruded by activated or dying neutrophils, decorated with various protein mediators, become solid-state reactors that can localize at the critical interface blood intimal surface diseased arteries alongside propagating amplifying regional injury. NETs thus furnish previously unsuspected link between inflammation, innate immunity, thrombosis, oxidative stress, cardiovascular diseases. In response disease-relevant stimuli, neutrophils undergo specialized series reactions culminate in NET formation. DNA derived from either nuclei mitochondria contribute The liberated forms reticular mesh resembles morphologically net, rendering acronym particularly appropriate. backbone not only presents intrinsic neutrophil proteins (e.g., MPO (myeloperoxidase) proteinases) but congregate other found tissue factor procoagulant). This systematic review discusses current hypothesis biology, focusing on triggers mechanisms Furthermore, contribution atherosclerosis thrombosis is extensively addressed. Again, use markers clinical trials was considered. Ultimately, given vast body published literature, we aim integrate experimental evidence growing information relating critically.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Anticoagulation Treatment of Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 737 - 750

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Coagulopathy in sepsis is common and associated with high mortality. Although immunothrombosis necessary for infection control, excessive thrombus formation can trigger a systemic thrombo-inflammatory response. Immunothrombosis plays core role sepsis-induced coagulopathy, research has revealed complex interplay between inflammation coagulation. Different mechanisms underlying sepsis-related coagulopathy are discussed, including factors contributing to the imbalance of pro- anticoagulation relevant endothelial cells. The potential therapeutic implications anticoagulants on these discussed. This review contributes our understanding pathogenesis patients sepsis. Recent studies suggest that cells play an important immunoregulation hemostasis. Meanwhile, non-anticoagulation effects anticoagulants, especially heparin, which act septic patients, have been partially revealed. We believe further insights into will help physicians evaluate patient conditions effectively, leading advanced early recognition better decision-making treatment

Language: Английский

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Thromboembolic Events in the Era of COVID‐19: A Detailed Narrative Review

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is not only characterized respiratory symptoms but also associated with a wide range of systemic complications, including significant hematologic abnormalities. This comprehensive review current literature, using PubMed and Google Scholar, on pathophysiology incidence thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients thromboprophylaxis. infection induces prothrombotic state through dysregulation renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelial dysfunction, elevated von Willebrand factor (vWF), dysregulated immune response involving complement neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). As result, complications have emerged cases, occurring more frequently severe cases hospitalized patients. These thrombotic affect both venous arterial circulation, increased incidences deep thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), thrombosis, myocardial infarction (MI). While DVT PE are common, literature highlights potential lethal consequences thromboembolism (ATE). briefly examines ongoing discussions regarding use anticoagulants for prevention theoretically promising, studies yielded varied outcomes: Some suggest benefits, whereas others report an risk bleeding among Therefore, further large-scale needed to assess efficacy safety thromboprophylaxis

Language: Английский

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The Role of Tissue Factor In Signaling Pathways of Pathological Conditions and Angiogenesis

Current Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 1135 - 1151

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Tissue factor (TF) is an integral transmembrane protein associated with the extrinsic coagulation pathway. TF gene expression regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and mechanical injuries. activity may be affected by phosphorylation of its cytoplasmic domain alternative splicing. acts as primary initiator physiological hemostasis, which prevents local bleeding at injury site. However, aberrant TF, accompanied severity diseases infections under various pathological conditions, triggers multiple signaling pathways that support thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, metastasis. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are central downstream TF. In this study, we have reviewed different such wound injury, asthma, cardiovascular (CVDs), viral infections, cancer angiogenesis. Angiogenic activities critical repair injuries aggressive behavior tumors, mainly performed actions vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1-α). Pro-inflammatory effects been reported CVDs including COVID-19, result tissue hypertrophy, thrombosis. TF-FVII induces angiogenesis via clotting-dependent -independent mechanisms. Clottingdependent induced generation thrombin cross-linked fibrin network, facilitate vessel infiltration also act a reservoir for cells (ECs) factors. Expression tumor ECs clotting-independent through induction VEGF, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR), early 1 (EGR1), IL8, cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61).

Language: Английский

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