ACS Synthetic Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 2295 - 2312
Published: July 13, 2024
Engineered
Living
Materials
(ELMs)
are
materials
composed
of
or
incorporating
living
cells
as
essential
functional
units.
These
can
be
created
using
bottom-up
approaches,
where
engineered
spontaneously
form
well-defined
aggregates.
Alternatively,
top-down
methods
employ
advanced
science
techniques
to
integrate
with
various
kinds
materials,
creating
hybrids
and
intricately
combined.
ELMs
blend
synthetic
biology
science,
allowing
for
dynamic
responses
environmental
stimuli
such
stress,
pH,
humidity,
temperature,
light.
exhibit
unique
"living"
properties,
including
self-healing,
self-replication,
adaptability,
making
them
highly
suitable
a
wide
range
applications
in
medicine,
conservation,
manufacturing.
Their
inherent
biocompatibility
ability
undergo
genetic
modifications
allow
customized
functionalities
prolonged
sustainability.
This
review
highlights
the
transformative
impact
over
recent
decades,
particularly
healthcare
protection.
We
discuss
current
preparation
methods,
use
endogenous
exogenous
scaffolds,
assembly,
3D
bioprinting,
electrospinning.
Emphasis
is
placed
on
ongoing
research
technological
advancements
necessary
enhance
safety,
functionality,
practical
applicability
real-world
contexts.
Journal of Physics Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 012501 - 012501
Published: Oct. 25, 2023
Abstract
Soft
materials
are
usually
defined
as
made
of
mesoscopic
entities,
often
self-organised,
sensitive
to
thermal
fluctuations
and
weak
perturbations.
Archetypal
examples
colloids,
polymers,
amphiphiles,
liquid
crystals,
foams.
The
importance
soft
in
everyday
commodity
products,
well
technological
applications,
is
enormous,
controlling
or
improving
their
properties
the
focus
many
efforts.
From
a
fundamental
perspective,
possibility
manipulating
material
properties,
by
tuning
interactions
between
constituents
applying
external
perturbations,
gives
rise
an
almost
unlimited
variety
physical
properties.
Together
with
relative
ease
observe
characterise
them,
this
renders
matter
systems
powerful
model
investigate
statistical
physics
phenomena,
them
relevant
hard
condensed
systems.
Understanding
emerging
from
mesoscale
still
poses
enormous
challenges,
which
have
stimulated
wealth
new
experimental
approaches,
including
synthesis
with,
e.g.
tailored
self-assembling
novel
techniques
imaging,
scattering
rheology.
Theoretical
numerical
methods,
coarse-grained
models,
become
central
predict
materials,
while
computational
approaches
that
also
use
machine
learning
tools
playing
progressively
major
role
investigations.
This
Roadmap
intends
give
broad
overview
recent
possible
future
activities
field
experts
covering
various
developments
challenges
characterisation,
instrumental,
simulation
theoretical
methods
general
concepts.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(34)
Published: Jan. 30, 2024
The
growth
of
multicellular
organisms
is
a
process
akin
to
additive
manufacturing
where
cellular
proliferation
and
mechanical
boundary
conditions,
among
other
factors,
drive
morphogenesis.
Engineers
have
limited
ability
engineer
morphogenesis
manufacture
goods
or
reconfigure
materials
comprised
biomass.
Herein,
method
that
uses
biological
processes
grow
regrow
magnetic
engineered
living
(mELMs)
into
desired
geometries
reported.
These
composites
contain
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
particles
within
hydrogel
matrix.
reconfigurable
relies
on
the
cells,
forces,
elastic
recovery
hydrogel.
mELM
then
adopts
form
in
an
external
field.
Yeast
material
proliferates,
resulting
259
±
14%
volume
expansion.
fixes
deformation,
even
when
field
removed.
shape
fixity
can
be
up
99.3
0.3%.
grown
recover
73.9
1.9%
original
by
removing
yeast
cell
walls.
directed
repeated
at
least
five
times.
This
work
enables
ELMs
processed
reprocessed
user-defined
without
deposition.
ACS Synthetic Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 2295 - 2312
Published: July 13, 2024
Engineered
Living
Materials
(ELMs)
are
materials
composed
of
or
incorporating
living
cells
as
essential
functional
units.
These
can
be
created
using
bottom-up
approaches,
where
engineered
spontaneously
form
well-defined
aggregates.
Alternatively,
top-down
methods
employ
advanced
science
techniques
to
integrate
with
various
kinds
materials,
creating
hybrids
and
intricately
combined.
ELMs
blend
synthetic
biology
science,
allowing
for
dynamic
responses
environmental
stimuli
such
stress,
pH,
humidity,
temperature,
light.
exhibit
unique
"living"
properties,
including
self-healing,
self-replication,
adaptability,
making
them
highly
suitable
a
wide
range
applications
in
medicine,
conservation,
manufacturing.
Their
inherent
biocompatibility
ability
undergo
genetic
modifications
allow
customized
functionalities
prolonged
sustainability.
This
review
highlights
the
transformative
impact
over
recent
decades,
particularly
healthcare
protection.
We
discuss
current
preparation
methods,
use
endogenous
exogenous
scaffolds,
assembly,
3D
bioprinting,
electrospinning.
Emphasis
is
placed
on
ongoing
research
technological
advancements
necessary
enhance
safety,
functionality,
practical
applicability
real-world
contexts.
