Pathological Internet use among European adolescents: psychopathology and self-destructive behaviours

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 1093 - 1102

Published: June 2, 2014

Rising global rates of pathological Internet use (PIU) and related psychological impairments have gained considerable attention in recent years. In an effort to acquire evidence-based knowledge this relationship, the main objective study was investigate association between PIU, psychopathology self-destructive behaviours among school-based adolescents eleven European countries. This cross-sectional implemented within framework Union project: Saving Empowering Young Lives Europe. A representative sample 11,356 (M/F: 4,856/6,500; mean age: 14.9) included analyses. PIU assessed using Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire. Psychopathology measured Beck Depression Inventory-II, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale Strengths Difficulties Self-destructive were evaluated by Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory Paykel Suicide Scale. Results showed that suicidal (suicidal ideation suicide attempts), depression, anxiety, conduct problems hyperactivity/inattention significant independent predictors PIU. The correlation stronger females, while link symptoms anxiety peer relationship males. countries with a higher prevalence rates. These findings ascertain are strongly is significantly influenced gender country suggesting socio-cultural influences. At clinical public health levels, targeting early stages could potentially lead improvements well-being reduction behaviours.

Language: Английский

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The role of habit in compulsivity

European Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 828 - 840

Published: Dec. 29, 2015

Compulsivity has been recently characterized as a manifestation of an imbalance between the brain׳s goal-directed and habit-learning systems. Habits are perhaps most fundamental building block animal learning, it is therefore unsurprising that there multiple ways in which development execution habits can be promoted/discouraged. Delineating these neurocognitive routes may critical to understanding if how contribute many faces compulsivity observed across range psychiatric disorders. In this review, we distinguish contribution excessive stimulus-response habit learning from deficient control over action response inhibition, discuss role stress anxiety likely contributors transition habit. To end, behavioural, pharmacological, neurobiological clinical evidence synthesised hypothesis formulated capture fit into model trans-diagnostic trait.

Language: Английский

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Dysfunctions of decision‐making and cognitive control as transdiagnostic mechanisms of mental disorders: advances, gaps, and needs in current research

International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 23(S1), P. 41 - 57

Published: Dec. 23, 2013

Disadvantageous decision-making and impaired volitional control over actions, thoughts, emotions are characteristics of a wide range mental disorders such as addiction, eating disorders, depression, anxiety may reflect transdiagnostic core mechanisms possibly vulnerability factors. Elucidating the underlying neurocognitive is precondition for moving from symptom-based to mechanism-based disorder classifications ultimately mechanism-targeted interventions. However, despite substantial advances in basic research on cognitive control, there still profound gaps our current understanding dysfunctions these processes disorders. Central unresolved questions are: (i) which degree or disorder-specific patterns impairment; (ii) how phenotypical features relate dysfunctional parameter settings aberrant interactions between large-scale brain systems involved habit reward-based learning, performance monitoring, emotion regulation, control; (iii) whether impairments consequences antecedent factors disorders; (iv) they generalized competence context-specific failures; (v) not only but also chronic over-control contributes In light gaps, needs future an increased focus cognitive-affective decision across longitudinal-prospective studies systematically incorporating theory-driven behavioural tasks neuroimaging protocols assess systems; use latent-variable models rather than single tasks; interplay implicit explicit processes; stronger computational specifying expressions

Language: Английский

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Behavioral addictions

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 30, P. 66 - 72

Published: Sept. 26, 2014

Language: Английский

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Computational approaches to psychiatry

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 25, P. 85 - 92

Published: Jan. 2, 2014

Language: Английский

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