The default network and self‐generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 1316(1), P. 29 - 52

Published: Feb. 6, 2014

Though only a decade has elapsed since the default network (DN) was first defined as large-scale brain system, recent years have brought great insight into network's adaptive functions. A growing theme highlights DN playing key role in internally directed or self-generated thought. Here, we synthesize findings from cognitive science, neuroscience, and clinical psychology to focus attention on two emerging topics current future directions surrounding DN. First, present evidence that thought is multifaceted construct whose component processes are supported by different subsystems within network. Second, highlight dynamic nature of DN, emphasizing its interaction with executive control systems when regulating aspects internal We conclude discussing implications disruptions integrity network, consider disorders content becomes polarized interactions become disrupted imbalanced.

Language: Английский

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Functional imaging studies of emotion regulation: a synthetic review and evolving model of the cognitive control of emotion

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 1251(1)

Published: March 1, 2012

This paper reviews and synthesizes functional imaging research that over the past decade has begun to offer new insights into brain mechanisms underlying emotion regulation. Toward end, first section of outlines a model processes neural systems involved in generation The second surveys recent supporting elaborating model, focusing primarily on studies most commonly investigated strategy, which is known as reappraisal. At its core, specifies how prefrontal cingulate control modulate activity perceptual, semantic, affect function one's regulatory goals, tactics, nature stimuli emotions being regulated. also shows can be generalized understand other regulation strategies well range allied phenomena. third last considers directions for future research, including basic models translated changes across life span clinical disorders.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 2981 - 2990

Published: June 13, 2013

In recent years, an explosion of neuroimaging studies has examined cognitive reappraisal, emotion regulation strategy that involves changing the way one thinks about a stimulus in order to change its affective impact. Existing models broadly agree reappraisal recruits frontal and parietal control regions modulate emotional responding amygdala, but they offer competing visions how this is accomplished. One view holds engage ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), area associated with fear extinction, turn modulates amygdala responses. An alternative semantic representations lateral temporal indirectly influence emotion-related responses amygdala. Furthermore, while previous work emphasized whether influences other implicated remains unknown. To resolve these questions, we performed meta-analysis 48 most involving downregulation negative affect. Reappraisal consistently 1) activated cortex, not vmPFC, 2) modulated bilateral no brain regions. This suggests use stimulus, altered attenuate activity

Language: Английский

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Interoceptive predictions in the brain

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 419 - 429

Published: May 28, 2015

Language: Английский

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Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 1, 2012

Mindfulness-as a state, trait, process, type of meditation, and intervention has proven to be beneficial across diverse group psychological disorders as well for general stress reduction. Yet, there remains lack clarity in the operationalization this construct, underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an integrative theoretical framework systems-based neurobiological model that explains mechanisms by which mindfulness reduces biases related self-processing creates sustainable healthy mind. Mindfulness is described through systematic mental training develops meta-awareness (self-awareness), ability effectively modulate one's behavior (self-regulation), positive relationship between self other transcends self-focused needs increases prosocial characteristics (self-transcendence). This self-awareness, -regulation, -transcendence (S-ART) illustrates method becoming aware conditions cause (and remove) distortions or biases. The development S-ART meditation proposed self-specifying narrative self-networks fronto-parietal control network. Relevant perceptual, cognitive, emotional, behavioral neuropsychological processes are highlighted supporting S-ART, including intention motivation, attention regulation, emotion extinction reconsolidation, prosociality, non-attachment, decentering. based on our growing understanding neurocognition, empirical literature, dismantling specific practices thought cultivate mindfulness. will inform future research contemplative sciences target areas treatment disorders.

Language: Английский

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Building better biomarkers: brain models in translational neuroimaging

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 365 - 377

Published: Feb. 23, 2017

Language: Английский

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The Multifaceted Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotion, Decision Making, Social Cognition, and Psychopathology

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 83(8), P. 638 - 647

Published: Nov. 21, 2017

Language: Английский

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The neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context, learning and health

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 403 - 418

Published: June 19, 2015

Language: Английский

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Informatic parcellation of the network involved in the computation of subjective value

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 1289 - 1302

Published: July 26, 2013

Understanding how the brain computes value is a basic question in neuroscience. Although individual studies have driven this progress, meta-analyses provide an opportunity to test hypotheses that require large collections of data. We carry out meta-analysis set functional magnetic resonance imaging computation address several key questions. First, what full areas reliably correlate with stimulus values when they need be computed? Second, organized into dissociable networks? Third, distinct network regions involved at decision and outcome? Finally, are different for reward modalities? Our results demonstrate centrality ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), ventral striatum posterior cingulate (PCC) across tasks, modalities stages decision-making process. also find evidence subnetworks co-activation within VMPFC, one involving central VMPFC dorsal PCC another more anterior left angular gyrus PCC. we identify posterior-to-anterior gradient representations corresponding concrete-to-abstract rewards.

Language: Английский

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Shape shifting pain: chronification of back pain shifts brain representation from nociceptive to emotional circuits

Brain, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 136(9), P. 2751 - 2768

Published: Aug. 26, 2013

Chronic pain conditions are associated with abnormalities in brain structure and function. Moreover, some studies indicate that activity related to the subjective perception of chronic may be distinct from for acute pain. However, latter based on observations cross-sectional studies. How reorganizes transition has remained unexplored. Here we study this by examining rating fluctuations back magnitude. First compared pain-related between subjects who have had condition ∼2 months no prior history 1 year (early, acute/subacute group, n = 94), lived >10 years (chronic 59). In a subset subacute patients, followed longitudinally over 1-year period, those recover (recovered acute/sub-acute 19) which persists (persistent 20; 20% decrease intensity year). We report results relation meta-analytic probabilistic maps terms pain, emotion, reward (each map is >200 imaging studies, derived neurosynth.org). observed early, group limited regions involved whereas confined emotion-related circuitry. Reward circuitry was equally represented both groups. recovered diminished time, persistent regions, increased circuitry, unchanged The demonstrate representation constant percept, can undergo large-scale shifts These challenge long-standing theoretical concepts regarding mind relationships, as well provide important novel insights definitions mechanisms

Language: Английский

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