The brain’s default network: updated anatomy, physiology and evolving insights

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 593 - 608

Published: Sept. 6, 2019

Language: Английский

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Development and Arealization of the Cerebral Cortex

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 103(6), P. 980 - 1004

Published: Sept. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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A Domain-General Cognitive Core Defined in Multimodally Parcellated Human Cortex

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(8), P. 4361 - 4380

Published: Jan. 22, 2020

Numerous brain imaging studies identified a domain-general or "multiple-demand" (MD) activation pattern accompanying many tasks and may play core role in cognitive control. Though this finding is well established, the limited spatial localization provided by traditional methods precluded consensus regarding precise anatomy, functional differentiation, connectivity of MD system. To address these limitations, we used data from 449 subjects Human Connectome Project, with cortex each individual parcellated using neurobiologically grounded multimodal MRI features. The conjunction three contrasts reveals 10 widely distributed parcels per hemisphere that are most strongly activated functionally interconnected, surrounded penumbra 17 additional areas. Outside cerebral cortex, prominent caudate cerebellum. Comparison canonical resting-state networks shows regions concentrated fronto-parietal network but also engaging other networks. activations show modest relative task preferences strong co-recruitment. With anatomical organization, mosaic preferences, interconnectivity, suggest positioned to integrate assemble diverse components operations. Our delineation provides basis for refined analyses their functions.

Language: Английский

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Hierarchical Active Inference: A Theory of Motivated Control

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 294 - 306

Published: Feb. 20, 2018

Motivated control refers to the coordination of behaviour achieve affectively valenced outcomes or goals. The study motivated traditionally assumes a distinction between and motivational processes, which map distinct (dorsolateral versus ventromedial) brain systems. However, respective roles interactions these processes remain controversial. We offer novel perspective that casts as complementary aspects - goal propagation prioritization, respectively active inference hierarchical processing under deep generative models. propose hierarchy propagates prior preferences goals, but their precision is informed by context, inferred at different levels hierarchy. ensuing integration underwrites action policy selection and, ultimately, behaviour, enabling prioritize goals in context-sensitive way.

Language: Английский

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Space, Time, and Fear: Survival Computations along Defensive Circuits

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 228 - 241

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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Rationalization is rational

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 43

Published: May 28, 2019

Rationalization occurs when a person has performed an action and then concocts the beliefs desires that would have made it rational. Then, people often adjust their own to match concocted ones. While many studies demonstrate rationalization, few theories describe its underlying cognitive mechanisms, we little understanding of function. Why is mind designed construct post hoc rationalizations behavior, adopt them? This may accomplish important task: transferring information between different kinds processes representations influence our behavior. Human decision making does not rely on single process; influenced by reason, habit, instinct, norms, so on. Several these influences are organized according rational choice (i.e., computing maximizing expected value). extracts implicit - true useful from non-rational systems fiction fiction, because imputes reason psychological processes; useful, can improve subsequent reasoning. More generally, rationalization belongs broader class representational exchange which transfer guide Representational enables us represent any in manner best suited particular tasks require it, balancing accuracy, efficiency, flexibility thought. The theory reveals connections mind, inverse reinforcement learning, thought experiments, reflective equilibrium.

Language: Английский

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Hot and cold executive functions in the brain: A prefrontal-cingular network

Brain and Neuroscience Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Executive functions, or cognitive control, are higher-order functions needed for adaptive goal-directed behaviours and significantly impaired in majority of neuropsychiatric disorders. Different models approaches proposed describing how executive functionally organised the brain. One popular recently organising principle is distinction between hot (i.e. reward affective-related) versus cold purely cognitive) domains functions. The prefrontal cortex traditionally linked to but on other hand, anterior posterior cingulate cortices hugely involved as well. In this review, we first define their domains, appropriate methods studying them. Second, discuss different areas cortex. Next, association with cortex, focusing compartments. Finally, propose a functional model function organisation brain specific focus fronto-cingular network. We also clinical implications cognition major disorders (depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, substance use disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity autism) attempt characterise profile according dominance manifest hot-cold cognition. Our proposes that lateral along dorsal more relevant while medial-orbital ventral closely This distinction, however, not absolute depends several factors including task features, context, extent which measured relies emotion both.

Language: Английский

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Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex supports context-dependent prioritisation of off-task thought

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Aug. 23, 2019

Abstract When environments lack compelling goals, humans often let their minds wander to thoughts with greater personal relevance; however, we currently do not understand how this context-dependent prioritisation process operates. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) maintains goal representations in a manner. Here, show region is involved prioritising off-task thought an analogous way. In whole brain analysis established that neural activity DLPFC high both when ‘on-task’ under demanding conditions and ‘off-task’ non-demanding task. Furthermore, individuals who increase external demands decrease, lower correlation between signals linked tasks lateral regions of the DMN within DLPFC, as well less cortical grey matter sensitive these task relevant signals. We conclude prioritise daydreaming environmental decrease by aligning cognition goals using DLPFC.

Language: Английский

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Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 309 - 328

Published: July 26, 2021

The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper functioning. Depletion of noradrenaline dopamine, or acetylcholine from the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), as devastating removing itself, serotonergic influences are also critical to functioning orbital medial PFC. Most neuromodulators have narrow inverted U dose response, which coordinates arousal state with state, contributes deficits fatigue uncontrollable stress. Studies in monkeys revealed molecular signaling mechanisms that govern generation modulation mental representations by dlPFC, allowing dynamic regulation network strength, process requires tight prevent toxic actions, e.g., occurs advanced age. Brain imaging studies humans observed drug genotype range tasks circuit functional connectivity, showing catecholamines stabilize baseline-dependent manner. Research has already led new treatments disorders humans, encouraging future research this important field.

Language: Английский

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The whole prefrontal cortex is premotor cortex

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 377(1844)

Published: Dec. 27, 2021

We propose that the entirety of prefrontal cortex (PFC) can be seen as fundamentally premotor in nature. By this, we mean PFC consists an action abstraction hierarchy whose core function is potentiation and depotentiation possible plans at different levels granularity. argue apex should revolve around process goal-selection, which posit inherently a form optimization over abstraction. Anatomical functional evidence supports idea this originates on orbital surface brain extends dorsally to motor cortex. Accordingly, our viewpoint positions orbitofrontal key role goal-selection policies, suggests its other proposed roles are aspects more general function. Our perspective will reframe outstanding questions, open up new areas inquiry align theories with evolutionary principles. This article part theme issue ‘Systems neuroscience through lens theory’.

Language: Английский

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