Hot and cold executive functions in the brain: A prefrontal-cingular network

Brain and Neuroscience Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Executive functions, or cognitive control, are higher-order functions needed for adaptive goal-directed behaviours and significantly impaired in majority of neuropsychiatric disorders. Different models approaches proposed describing how executive functionally organised the brain. One popular recently organising principle is distinction between hot (i.e. reward affective-related) versus cold purely cognitive) domains functions. The prefrontal cortex traditionally linked to but on other hand, anterior posterior cingulate cortices hugely involved as well. In this review, we first define their domains, appropriate methods studying them. Second, discuss different areas cortex. Next, association with cortex, focusing compartments. Finally, propose a functional model function organisation brain specific focus fronto-cingular network. We also clinical implications cognition major disorders (depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, substance use disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity autism) attempt characterise profile according dominance manifest hot-cold cognition. Our proposes that lateral along dorsal more relevant while medial-orbital ventral closely This distinction, however, not absolute depends several factors including task features, context, extent which measured relies emotion both.

Language: Английский

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Spatial goal coding in the hippocampal formation

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(3), P. 394 - 422

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Planning in the brain

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(6), P. 914 - 934

Published: Jan. 17, 2022

Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled machines to plan tasks previously thought be uniquely human. Meanwhile, the planning algorithms implemented by brain itself remain largely unknown. Here, we review neural and behavioral data sequential decision-making that elucidate ways which does—and does not—plan. To systematically available biological data, create a taxonomy of summarizing relevant design choices for such AI. Across species, recording techniques, task paradigms, find converging evidence represents future states consistent with class within our taxonomy—focused, depth-limited, serial. However, argue current are insufficient addressing more detailed algorithmic questions. We propose new approach leveraging AI advances drive experiments can adjudicate between competing candidate algorithms.

Language: Английский

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Predictive maps in rats and humans for spatial navigation

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(17), P. 3676 - 3689.e5

Published: July 20, 2022

tested humans, rats, and RL agents on a novel modular maze d Humans rats were remarkably similar in their choice of trajectories Both species most to utilizing SR also displayed features model-based planning early trials

Language: Английский

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The orbitofrontal cortex maps future navigational goals

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 599(7885), P. 449 - 452

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Accurate navigation to a desired goal requires consecutive estimates of spatial relationships between the current position and future destination throughout journey. Although neurons in hippocampal formation can represent an animal as well its nearby trajectories1-7, their role determining has been questioned8,9. It is, thus, unclear whether brain possess precise estimate target location during active environmental exploration. Here we describe rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that form representations persistently pointing subsequent navigation. This coding emerges before onset navigation, without direct sensory access distal goal, even predicts incorrect at beginning error trial. Goal OFC are maintained by destination-specific neural ensemble dynamics, brief perturbation journey led navigational error. These findings suggest is part internal map brain, enabling animals navigate precisely chosen beyond range perception.

Language: Английский

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Multiple brain activation patterns for the same perceptual decision-making task

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Meaningful variation in internal states that impacts cognition and behavior remains challenging to discover characterize. Here we leverage trial-to-trial fluctuations the brain-wide signal recorded using functional MRI test if distinct sets of brain regions are activated on different trials when accomplishing same task. Across three perceptual decision-making experiments, estimate activations for each trial. We then cluster based their similarity modularity-maximization, a data-driven classification method. In experiment, find multiple but stable subtypes trials, suggesting task can be accomplished presence widely varying activation patterns. Surprisingly, all one exhibits strong default mode network, which is typically thought decrease activity during tasks require externally focused attention. The remaining characterized by task-positive areas. network subtype behavioral signatures similar other exhibiting with regions. These findings demonstrate through Here, authors show uses patterns perform Even often inactive focus, plays role.

Language: Английский

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Perirhinal cortex abnormalities impair hippocampal plasticity and learning in Scn2a , Fmr1 , and Cdkl5 autism mouse models

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(10)

Published: March 7, 2025

Learning and memory deficits, including spatial navigation difficulties, are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several ASD mouse models ( Scn2a +/− , Fmr1 −/− Cdkl5 ) exhibit impaired learning, with these deficits often attributed to hippocampal dysfunction. However, we identify the perirhinal cortex (PRC) as a critical driver of deficits. Cortical-wide reduction excitatory neurons replicated learning long-term potentiation (LTP) impairments—a cellular correlate learning—seen mice, while hippocampal-wide did not. PRC-specific viral-mediated decreased release probability, which consequently disrupted synaptic transmission LTP hippocampus, well learning. As PRC activity was reduced, chemogenetic activation reversed mice rescued impairments knockout mice. Thus, several genetic ASD, abnormalities may disrupt function impair memory.

Language: Английский

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Disentangling the influences of multiple thalamic nuclei on prefrontal cortex and cognitive control

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 128, P. 487 - 510

Published: June 30, 2021

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has a complex relationship with the thalamus, involving many nuclei which occupy predominantly medial zones along its anterior-to-posterior extent. Thalamocortical neurons in most of these are modulated by affective and cognitive signals funnel through basal ganglia. We review how PFC-connected thalamic likely contribute to all aspects control: from processing information on internal states goals, facilitating interactions mnemonic learned values stimuli actions, their influence high-level processes, attentional allocation goal-directed behavior. This includes contributions transformations such as rule-to-choice (parvocellular mediodorsal nucleus), value-to-choice (magnocellular mnemonic-to-choice (anteromedial nucleus) sensory-to-choice (medial pulvinar). Common mechanisms appear be modulation cortical gain cortico-cortical functional connectivity. anatomy also implies unique role for PFC modulating thalamocortical circuits other orbital lateral regions. further discuss cortico-basal ganglia may provide mechanism controls

Language: Английский

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The neuroecology of the water-to-land transition and the evolution of the vertebrate brain

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 377(1844)

Published: Dec. 27, 2021

The water-to-land transition in vertebrate evolution offers an unusual opportunity to consider computational affordances of a new ecology for the brain. All sensory modalities are changed, particularly greatly enlarged visual sensorium owing air versus water as medium, and expanded by mobile eyes neck. multiplication limbs, evolved exploit aspects life on land, is comparable challenge. As total mass living organisms land hundredfold larger than underwater, improvements promise great rewards. In water, midbrain tectum coordinates approach/avoid decisions, contextualized flow animal’s body state learning. On relative motions surfaces effectors must be resolved, adding architectures from dorsal pallium, such parietal cortex. For large-brained long-living denizens making right decision when wrong one means death may basis planning, which allows animals learn hypothetical experience before enactment. Integration value-weighted, memorized panoramas basal ganglia/frontal cortex circuitry, with allocentric cognitive maps hippocampus its associated cortices becomes habit-to-plan substantial change ecology. This article part theme issue ‘Systems neuroscience through lens evolutionary theory’.

Language: Английский

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Spatial Representations in Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(32), P. 6933 - 6945

Published: July 1, 2021

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus share striking cognitive functional similarities. As a result, both structures have been proposed to encode "cognitive maps" that provide useful scaffolds for planning complex behaviors. However, while this function has exemplified by spatial coding in neurons of hippocampal regions—particularly place grid cells—spatial representations the OFC investigated far less. Here we sought address recording from male rats engaged an open-field foraging task like originally developed characterize fields rodent neurons. Single-unit activity was recorded as searched food pellets scattered randomly throughout large enclosure. In some sessions, particular flavors occurred more frequently parts enclosure; others, only single flavor used. showed spatially localized firing conditions, changed between flavored unflavored periods manner reminiscent remapping hippocampus. Compared with recordings taken under similar behavioral were less temporally reliable, there no significant evidence tuning These data confirm show large, two-dimensional environment Consistent focus on biological meaning goals, weaker than influenced outcome identity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is cells identified hippocampus, which maps environments. current study directly demonstrates very similar, though not identical, representatives neurons, confirming OFC—like hippocampus—can represent map appropriate experimental conditions.

Language: Английский

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