The Neuroscience of Active Learning and Direct Instruction

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 105737 - 105737

Published: May 23, 2024

Throughout the educational system, students experiencing active learning pedagogy perform better and fail less than those taught through direct instruction. Can this be ascribed to differences in from a neuroscientific perspective? This review examines mechanistic, evidence that might explain cognitive engagement contributing outcomes between these instructional approaches. In classrooms, instruction comprehensively describes academic content, while provides structured opportunities for learners explore, apply, manipulate content. Synaptic plasticity its modulation by arousal or novelty are central all both As form of social learning, relies upon working memory. The reinforcement circuit, associated agency, curiosity, peer-to-peer interactions combine enhance motivation, improve retention, build higher-order-thinking skills environments. When memory becomes overwhelmed, additionally engaging circuit improves providing an explanation benefits learning. analysis mechanistic examination how emerging neuroscience principles inform pedagogical choices at levels.

Language: Английский

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Effect of post-encoding arousal on memory for words differing in priority: a test of the arousal-biased competition theory

Journal of Cognitive Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 17

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Emotional events induce retrograde memory impairments on conceptually-related neutral events

Cognition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 259, P. 106103 - 106103

Published: March 12, 2025

Emotional events are known to be prioritized during episodic encoding, leading more detailed recollections compared neutral events. Encoding an emotional event can influence the mnemonic fate of preceding or subsequent Studies examining impact emotion on memory for neighboring have produced inconsistent results, which could due differences in conceptual association between and stimuli. To test this idea, we conducted two behavioural experiments participants viewed one video clip from same television series (Bates Motel) different sources (emotional Bates Motel, An Education). In both experiments, manipulated order videos - group before other after tested all using free recall. We found that encoding a before, but not impaired recall, illustrating retrograde impairment. Critically, impairment only occurred when were conceptually related, as Experiment 1. contrast, there was no indication 2. Thus, relationship is crucial imbue memory.

Language: Английский

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Why are threatening experiences remembered so well? Insights into memory strengthening from protocols of gradual aversive learning

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106145 - 106145

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Event segmentation promotes the reorganization of emotional memory

Published: May 16, 2024

Event boundaries help structure the content of episodic memories by segmenting continuous experiences into discrete events. may also serve to preserve meaningful information within an event, thereby actively separating important from interfering representations imposed past and future Here, we tested hypothesis that event organize emotional memory based on changing dynamics as events unfold. We developed a novel threat-reversal learning task whereby participants encoded trial-unique exemplars two semantic categories across three phases: preconditioning, fear-acquisition, reversal. Shock contingencies were established for one category during acquisition (CS+) then switched other reversal (CS-). Importantly, was either separated perceptible boundary (experiment 1) or occurred immediately after acquisition, with no context shift 2). In surprise recognition test next day, performance tracked contingences encoding in experiment 1, such selectively recognized more threat-associated CS+ before (retroactive) but this pattern reversed toward CS- By contrast, encoding—without between conditioning reversal—exhibited undifferentiated both following Further analyses highlight nuanced effects reversing conditioned fear, updating mnemonic generalization, biasing temporal source memory. These findings suggest provide anchor points distinctly information, adaptively structuring our experiences.

Language: Английский

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Semantic structures facilitate threat memory integration throughout the medial temporal lobe and medial prefrontal cortex

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(15), P. 3522 - 3536.e5

Published: July 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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An Art-Science Perspective on Artificial Intelligence Creativity: From Problem Finding to Materiality and Embodied Cognition

Journal of Creativity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100097 - 100097

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Emotional time travel: the role of emotion in temporal memory

Cognition & Emotion, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 1 - 17

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Remembering when emotional experiences occurred can be adaptive, yet there is no consensus on how emotion influences temporal aspects of memory. Temporal memory, a type associative refers to the capacity encode, store, and retrieve information about sequence timing events. This Special Issue presents evidence affects three memory: temporal-order, source, event segmentation. The contributions suggest that often increases temporal-order result harder reconcile with some dominant memory theories, including Object-Based Framework, Dual Representation Account or other trade-off models, but may fit Arousal-Biased Competition theory. also act as boundary between events, although only under experimental set-ups. Findings regarding its effect source were less clear. We discuss diversity findings in light theories methodological factors, such direction shift experience discrepancies distance measures indices boundaries. provide roadmap for future studies aimed at understanding shapes fate our memories they unfold time.

Language: Английский

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Negative emotion reduces the temporal compression of events in episodic memory

Cognition & Emotion, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 16

Published: May 8, 2025

Recent studies have revealed that the continuous flow of information characterises naturalistic events is temporally compressed in episodic memory, so remembering an event generally takes less time than duration past episode. However, specific characteristics influence its temporal compression memory remain poorly understood. In present study, we examined extent to which negative valence impacts their rate representations. We conducted two experiments participants were instructed mentally replay a series videos depicting or neutral events. The results showed taken video, relative actual video duration, was significantly longer for videos. These suggest emotion increases sampling units experience represent course events, leading lower

Language: Английский

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Pattern separation of fear extinction memory

Learning & Memory, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(5-6), P. 110 - 115

Published: May 1, 2023

While fear generalizes widely, extinction is stimulus-specific. Using a hybrid conditioning/episodic memory paradigm, subjects encoded nonrepeating category exemplars during conditioning and extinction. Twenty-four hours later, surprise test included old, similar, novel exemplars. Results showed strong dissociation between pattern completion (generalization) separation (discrimination) in episodic for items versus extinction, respectively. These data suggest that directly threat-conditioned stimuli are better recognized at the expense of mnemonic precision, whereas discrimination enhanced extinguished stimuli. Overly precise may be contributing factor to relapse.

Language: Английский

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