A cerebellar population coding model for sensorimotor learning DOI Creative Commons
Tianhe Wang, Richard B. Ivry

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 4, 2023

The cerebellum is crucial for sensorimotor adaptation, using error information to keep the system well-calibrated. Here we introduce a population-coding model explain how cerebellar-dependent learning modulated by contextual variation. consists of two-layer network, designed capture activity in both cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei. A core feature that within each layer, processing units are tuned movement direction error. captures large range effects including interference from prior influence uncertainty volatility. While these have traditionally been taken indicate meta or context-dependent memory adaptation system, our results show they emergent properties arise population dynamics cerebellum. Our provide novel framework understand nervous responds variable environments.

Language: Английский

The Computational and Neural Bases of Context-Dependent Learning DOI
James B. Heald, Daniel M. Wolpert, Máté Lengyel

et al.

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 233 - 258

Published: March 27, 2023

Flexible behavior requires the creation, updating, and expression of memories to depend on context. While neural underpinnings each these processes have been intensively studied, recent advances in computational modeling revealed a key challenge context-dependent learning that had largely ignored previously: Under naturalistic conditions, context is typically uncertain, necessitating contextual inference. We review theoretical approach formalizing face uncertainty core computations it requires. show how this begins organize large body disparate experimental observations, from multiple levels brain organization (including circuits, systems, behavior) regions (most prominently prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, motor cortices), into coherent framework. argue inference may also be understanding continual brain. This theory-driven perspective places as component learning.

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Transdiagnostic computations of uncertainty: towards a new lens on intolerance of uncertainty DOI Creative Commons

Timothy R. Sandhu,

Bowen Xiao, Rebecca Lawson

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 105123 - 105123

Published: March 11, 2023

People radically differ in how they cope with uncertainty. Clinical researchers describe a dispositional characteristic known as "intolerance of uncertainty", tendency to find uncertainty aversive, reported be elevated across psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. Concurrently, recent research computational psychiatry has leveraged theoretical work characterise individual differences processing. Under this framework, people estimate different forms can contribute mental health difficulties. In review, we briefly outline the concept intolerance within its clinical context, argue that mechanisms underlying construct may further elucidated through modelling individuals make inferences about We will review evidence linking psychopathology computationally specified consider these findings might suggest distinct mechanistic routes towards also discuss implications approach for behavioural pharmacological interventions, well importance cognitive domains subjective experiences studying

Language: Английский

Citations

22
A new understanding of the cognitive reappraisal technique: an extension based on the schema theory DOI Creative Commons
Yaxin Wang, Bin Yin

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: April 17, 2023

Cognitive reappraisal is a widely utilized emotion regulation strategy that involves altering the personal meaning of an emotional event to enhance attention responses. Despite its common use, individual differences in cognitive techniques and spontaneous recovery, renewal, reinstatement negative responses across varying contexts may limit effectiveness. Furthermore, detached could cause distress for clients. According Gross's theory, effortless process can occur spontaneously. When guided language triggers as laboratory or counseling settings, clients experience improved states, but this induced not necessarily guide them regulating emotions similar future situations. Therefore, effectively applying clinical practice help alleviate daily life remains significant concern. Exploring mechanism reveals reconstructing stimulus akin extinction learning, which entails fostering contingency original provoking will no longer result outcomes current context. However, learning new rather than elimination process. The activation relies on presentation critical cues, with contextual cues often playing vital role, such safe consulting room environment. We propose understanding based schema theory dual-system emphasizing significance environmental interaction feedback constructing experiences updating schemata. This approach ultimately enriches during training integrates into long-term memory. Bottom-up behavioral enrichment provide foundation top-down function. method assist activating more suitable schemata probabilistically when encountering stimuli real life, forming stable emotions, achieving transfer application diverse contexts.

Language: Английский

Citations

21
Latent-state and model-based learning in PTSD DOI
Josh M. Cisler, Joseph E. Dunsmoor, Gregory A. Fonzo

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(2), P. 150 - 162

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Quantifying motor adaptation in a sport-specific table tennis setting DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Carius, Elisabeth Kaminski,

Martina Clauß

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Studies on motor adaptation aim to better understand the remarkable, largely implicit capacity of humans adjust changing environmental conditions. So far, this phenomenon has mainly been investigated in highly controlled laboratory setting, allowing only limited conclusions and consequences for everyday life scenarios. Natural movement tasks performed under externally valid conditions would provide important support transferability recent findings. Therefore, one major goal current study was create assess a new table tennis paradigm mapping more natural sport-specific setting. High-speed cinematographic measurements were used determine target accuracy 30 right-handed participants. In addition, we if affected by temporal order perturbations (serial vs. random practice). summary, able confirm reproduce typical effects We found, according previous findings, an increase errors with perturbation onset that decreased during adaptation. Furthermore, observed offset (after-effect) decrease subsequently washout phase. More importantly, did not differ when comparing serial

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Memories of hand movements are tied to speech through learning DOI

Daniel R. Lametti,

Gina L. Vaillancourt,

Maura A. Whitman

et al.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Sequence-dependent predictive coding during the learning and rewiring of skills DOI
Ádám Takács, Teodóra Vékony, Felipe Pedraza

et al.

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract In the constantly changing environment that characterizes our daily lives, ability to predict and adapt new circumstances is crucial. This study examines influence of sequence knowledge adaptiveness on predictive coding in skill learning rewiring. Participants were exposed two different visuomotor sequences with overlapping probabilities. By applying temporal decomposition multivariate pattern analysis, we dissected neural underpinnings across levels signal coding. The provides neurophysiological evidence for shaping coding, revealing these are intricately linked predominantly manifest at abstract motor levels. These findings challenge traditional view a competitive relationship between context knowledge, suggesting instead hierarchical integration where their properties processed simultaneously. facilitates adaptive reuse existing face learning. shedding light mechanisms sequences, this research contributes deeper understanding how brain navigates adapts environmental changes, offering insights into foundational processes underlie adaptation dynamic contexts.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Continuous multiplexed population representations of task context in the mouse primary visual cortex DOI Creative Commons
Márton A. Hajnal, Duy Tran, Michael Einstein

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 21, 2023

Abstract Effective task execution requires the representation of multiple task-related variables that determine how stimuli lead to correct responses. Even primary visual cortex (V1) represents other such as expectations, choice, and context. However, it is unclear V1 can flexibly accommodate these without interfering with representations. We trained mice on a context-switching cross-modal decision task, where performance depends inferring found context signal emerged in was behaviorally relevant strongly covaried performance, independent from movement. Importantly, this integrated into by multiplexing signals orthogonal subspaces. In addition, auditory choice were also multiplexed representation. Thus, allows integrate inputs sensory modalities cognitive avoid interference while ensuring maintenance task-relevant variables.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Go-Go Biome: Evaluation of a Casual Game for Gut Health Engagement and Reflection DOI Open Access
Nandini Pasumarthy, Shreyas Nisal, Jessica Danaher

et al.

Published: May 11, 2024

Experts emphasise that maintaining a healthy gut microbial balance requires the public to understand factors beyond diet, such as physical activity, lifestyle, and other real-world influences. Games experiential systems are known foster playful engagement reflection. We propose novel approach promoting activity for health its reflection through design of Go-Go Biome game. The game simulates interplay between friendly unfriendly microbes, encouraging gut-microbial interactive visuals, unstructured play mechanics, reflective principles. A field study with 14 participants revealed important facets our led awareness, visualisation, on influencing health. Our findings suggest four lenses– bio-temporality, visceral conversations, wellness comparison, inner discovery, aid future explorations

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Dynamic alterations in cortical activation during motor adaptation in table tennis using whole‑brain fNIRS DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Carius, Elisabeth Kaminski,

Martina Clauß

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Abstract Human movements must constantly be adapted due to changing internal and external conditions in our environment. The underlying neuronal mechanisms that are responsible for motor adaptations have so far mainly been investigated highly controlled laboratory scenarios using simple tasks. However, because daily life sports entail more complex processes involving several cognitive components strategic adjustments, results from such settings only allow restricted conclusions do not capture processing everyday scenarios. Hence, we studied 56 participants a table tennis paradigm unravel cortical activation during adaptation sport-specific setting functional NIRS. Furthermore, wanted investigate whether is influenced by the temporal order of perturbations (serial vs. randomized practice). Our findings revealed brain areas as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex primary sensory cortex, left supplementary well right superior parietal inferior exhibited dynamic alterations their progressed. Specifically, hemodynamic response generally increased early decreased On other hand, no differential changes were observed with serial practice. Based on findings, can confirm extent theoretical models evidence task.

Language: Английский

Citations

0