Peri-somatic modulation of diffracted light and its variation with consciousness

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Abstract Existing noninvasive neurophysiological recording methods can acquire neuronal correlates of consciousness, but they do not differentiate between conscious and unconscious states mechanistically. Here we describe a method that detects new physical effect apparent neural origin in the peri-somatic space might allow such differentiation. This is slow decrease intensity diffracted low power laser light emitted within photoelectronic device placed close to body an awake subject. It markedly attenuated by general anesthesia mice unconsciousness patients. Its direction reversed when exposed live invertebrates or decapitated head euthanized mouse. These findings reveal previously unrecognized biophysical phenomenon appears be related consciousness.

Language: Английский

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Mixed recurrent connectivity in primate prefrontal cortex

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. e1012867 - e1012867

Published: March 11, 2025

The functional properties of a network depend on its connectivity, which includes the strength inputs and connections between units, or recurrent connectivity. Because we lack detailed description connectivity in lateral prefrontal cortex primates, developed an indirect method to estimate it. This leverages elevated noise correlation mutually-connected units. To regions, trained neural models with varying percentages bump attractor levels match observed two specific regions: dorsolateral frontal eye field. We found that initialized approximately 20% 7.5% closely matched field cortex, respectively. These findings suggest different may reflect distinct roles these brain regions. Specifically, lower associated higher-dimensional representations, likely support more abstract representations anterior

Language: Английский

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Cortical Organoid-on-a-Chip with Physiological Hypoxia for Investigating Tanshinone IIA-Induced Neural Differentiation

Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Cortical organoids represent cutting-edge models for mimic human brain development during the early and even middle stage of pregnancy, while they often fail to recreate complex microenvironmental factors, such as physiological hypoxia. Herein, recapitulate fetal development, we propose a novel cortical organoid-on-a-chip with hypoxia further explore effects tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) in neural differentiation. The microfluidic chip was designed micropillar array controlled efficient generation organoids. With low oxygen, generated could key aspects early-gestational development. Compared normoxic culturing condition, promoted neurogenesis, synaptogenesis neuronal maturation were observed present microsystem, suggesting significance Based on this model, have found that Chinese herbal drug Tan promote differentiation maturation, indicating its potential therapeutic neurodevelopmental disorders well congenital neuropsychiatric diseases. These results indicate proposed biomimetic model can offer promising platform simulate prenatal environment, screen natural neuroactive components.

Language: Английский

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Cellular computation and cognition

Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Contemporary neural network models often overlook a central biological fact about processing: that single neurons are themselves complex, semi-autonomous computing systems. Both the information processing and storage abilities of actual vastly exceed simple weighted sum synaptic inputs computed by “units” in standard models. Neurons eukaryotic cells store not only synapses, but also their dendritic structure connectivity, as well genetic “marking” epigenome each individual cell. Each neuron computes complex nonlinear function its inputs, roughly equivalent capacity to an entire 1990s-era model. Furthermore, provide interface between gene expression, ongoing processing, stored long-term memory traces. all organisms have these properties, which thus relevant neuroscience cognitive biology. Single-cell computation may play particular role explaining some unusual features human cognition. The recognition centrality cellular “natural computation” brains, constraints it imposes upon brain evolution, has important implications for evolution cognition, how we study it.

Language: Английский

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Mixed recurrent connectivity architecture in primate prefrontal cortex

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 2, 2024

Abstract The functional properties of a network depend on its connectivity, which includes the strength inputs and connections between units, or recurrent connectivity. Because we lack detailed description connectivity in lateral prefrontal cortex primates, developed an indirect method to estimate it. This leverages elevated noise correlation mutually-connected units. To regions, trained neural models with varying percentages bump attractor architecture levels match observed two specific regions: dorsolateral frontal eye field. We found that initialized approximately 20% 7.5% closely matched field cortex, respectively. These findings suggest different may reflect distinct roles these brain regions. Specifically, lower associated higher-dimensional representations, likely support more abstract representations anterior

Language: Английский

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Towards Biophysical Network Simulation of Stochastically-Formed Neurospheres

Lecture notes in computer science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 18 - 33

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Information is asymmetry: spatial relations were encoded by asymmetric mnemonic manifolds

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Substantial evidence suggests that working memory (WM) leverages relational representations to provide flexible support for cognitive functions, a capacity likely derived from the dynamic nature of neural codes in WM. However, how these represent and maintain relations remains unclear. Here, we examined transformation geometries dorsal prefrontal cortex monkeys performing visuospatial delayed-match/nonmatch task, where were instructed hold spatial location white square WM match it with subsequent square. We found sensory manifold during square’s presence mnemonic after offset both aligned stimulus manifold. significant differences emerged between manifolds, exhibiting little correlation their geometries. Further analysis on revealed process expansion followed by flattening: asymmetric first expanded into symmetric geometry immediately onset offset, which then gradually flattened along dimensions different those initially expanded, culminating an This reconstruction not only remained its faithfulness but also gained flexibility meet task demands. In sum, this asymmetry symmetry back precisely illustrates dynamics reconstruction, shedding lights subjective generates accurate illusory representation world lived in.

Language: Английский

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Consciousness: An Energy-Based Approach to Information Generation

Journal of Consciousness Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(11), P. 32 - 59

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

A fundamental question in the field of consciousness is how and why physical processes brain give rise to consciousness, a problem named ‘hard consciousness’ by David Chalmers. Despite numerous studies, neuroscience has yet agree on single account that addresses hard consciousness. Here, I introduce energy-information generation (EIG) theory answer this problem. The EIG posits emerges when neuron generates an EM which represents information encoded through its energy via neural mechanisms. This paper explains mechanisms allow neurons store about environment can control electromagnetic their impact dendritic spikes during rhythmic synchronized activity. proposes could serve as framework for future research.

Language: Английский

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Prefrontal Manifold Geometry Explains Reaction Time Variability

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2023

ABSTRACT The stochastic drift-diffusion model proposes that the variability in reaction time is due to randomness during accumulation of evidence until a decision threshold reached. However, neural mechanisms explain both and implementation remain unclear. Here we address these questions using dynamical systems approach analyze primate frontal eye field activity microstimulation for causal manipulations. We built mechanistic which signals associated with motor plans are bumped out their attractor state by go-cue emerge ∼60 ms after go cue. network then travels through transition subspace towards movement-initation emerges ∼35 before movement onset implements threshold. postulate accumulation, hence times, explained amplification noise preparation geometry manifold.

Language: Английский

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Role of neural oscillations modulating long term potentiation to Alzheimer's Disease

Theoretical and Natural Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 227 - 233

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Neural oscillations are key in forming long-term memory. Theta and gamma have particularly gained substantial interest over the year for their involvement memory formation. Theta-Gamma Coupling (TGC) has proven to be critical formation processes. However, relationship between neural molecular synaptic mechanisms, including Long Term Potentiation (LTP) Long-Term Depression (LTD) yet fully understood. Furthermore, modulation of emerged as a novel way treating Alzheimers Disease (AD) Mild Cognitive Impairments (MCI). Various methods been exploited, optogenetics Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). While offering promising results enhanced performance restored brain oscillations, such modulations applicability clinical trials human potential side effects still doubt. In this review, we elucidated on link LTP assessed various neuromodulation techniques introduced by recent studies also provided insights into future research directions optimize these present modulation.

Language: Английский

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