Reduction of aversive learning rates in Pavlovian conditioning by angiotensin II antagonist losartan DOI Open Access
Ondrej Zika, Judith E. Appel,

Corinna Klinge

et al.

Published: May 17, 2023

Background: Angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB) has been linked to aspects of aversive learning and memory formation, the prevention post-traumatic stress disorder symptom development. Methods: We investigate influence ARB losartan on Pavlovian conditioning using a probabilistic paradigm. In double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled design, we tested 45 (18 female) healthy volunteers during Baseline session, after application or placebo (Drug session) Follow-up session. On each participants engaged in task where they had predict probability an electrical stimulation every trial while true shock contingencies repeatedly switched between phases high low threat. Computational reinforcement models were used dynamics. Results: Acute administration significantly reduced participants’ adjustment both low-to-high high-to-low threat changes. This was driven by rates group drug session compared baseline. The 50mg dose did not induce reduction blood pressure change reaction times, ruling out general attention engagement. Decreased expectations maintained follow up 24hrs later.Conclusions: study shows that acutely reduces environments. Such decreased may explain previously reported preventive role development anxiety symptoms.

Language: Английский

Schemas, reinforcement learning and the medial prefrontal cortex DOI
Oded Bein, Yael Niv

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Advancing Sports Cardiology: Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Wearable Devices for Cardiovascular Health Management DOI
Xiao Zheng, Zheng Liu, Jianyu Liu

et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

Sports cardiology focuses on athletes' cardiovascular health, yet sudden cardiac death remains a significant concern despite preventative measures. Prolonged physical activity leads to notable adaptations, known as the athlete's heart, which can resemble certain pathological conditions, complicating accurate diagnoses and potentially leading serious consequences such unnecessary exclusion from sports or missed treatment opportunities. Wearable devices, including smartwatches smart glasses, have become prevalent for monitoring health metrics, offering potential clinical applications cardiologists. These gadgets are capable of spotting exercise-induced arrhythmias, uncovering hidden heart problems, crucial information training recovery, minimize exercise-related incidents enhance care. However, concerns about data accuracy actionable value obtained persist. A major challenge lies in integration artificial intelligence with wearables, research gaps remain regarding their ability provide real-time, reliable, clinically relevant insights. Combining wearable devices improve how is managed used cardiology. Artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, classify, predict, draw inferences collected by revolutionizing patient usage. Despite intelligence's proven effectiveness managing chronic limited its application cardiology, creates critical gap that needs be addressed. This review examines commercially available wearables exploring integrated into technology advance field.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Hierarchical control over foraging behavior by anterior cingulate cortex DOI
Ricardo J. Alejandro, Clay B. Holroyd

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 105623 - 105623

Published: March 13, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

6
When to stop social learning from a predecessor in an information-foraging task DOI Creative Commons
Hidezo Suganuma, Aoi Naito, Kentaro Katahira

et al.

Evolutionary Human Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Striking a balance between individual and social learning is one of the key capabilities that support adaptation under uncertainty. Although intergenerational transmission information ubiquitous, little known about when how newcomers switch from loyally preceding models to exploring independently. Using behavioural experiment, we investigated available demonstrator affects timing becoming independent performance thereafter. Participants worked on 30-armed bandit task for 100 trials. For first 15 trials, participants simply observed choices who had accumulated more knowledge environment passively received rewards demonstrator's choices. Thereafter, could making at any time. We three conditions differing in demonstrator: choice only, reward only or both. Results showed both participants’ strategies stop observational their patterns after independence depended information. generally failed make best use previously subsequent choices, suggesting importance direct communication beyond passive observation better Implications cultural evolution are discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Towards a taxonomy of tasks for human sequential decision-making DOI Creative Commons
Claire Ott, Inga Ibs, Constantin A. Rothkopf

et al.

Thinking & Reasoning, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 35

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Approach-avoidance conflict recruits lateral frontoparietal and cinguloinsular networks in a predator-prey game setting DOI
Yuqian Ni, Robert F. Potter, Thomas W. James

et al.

Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Editorial: Reinforcement feedback in motor learning: neural underpinnings of skill refinement DOI Creative Commons
Christopher M. Hill, Vincent Koppelmans, Mario Manto

et al.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 31, 2025

Making decisions is a critical aspect of human behaviour. Reinforcement learning has been investigated in decision-making experiments with the goal deciphering and improve our understanding how humans make daily life natural environments (Schulz, 2015;Wise et al., 2024). motor skills designates complex ability from past outcomes aim optimizing rewards, representing major feature acquisition new (Vassiliadis Performances adjustments are dictated by reward-prediction errors. feedback promotes enhancing retention (Huang 2011).Anatomically, brain structures playing key role reinforcement include midbrain, striatum, prefrontal cortex 2024;Haber 2016). Cerebellar circuits also involved through reward mechanisms via ventral tegmental area (VTA) (Manto 2024).Physiologically, striatal gamma activity appears to reinforce fine human, as shown recently particular using technique transcranial temporal interference stimulation In case error-based learning, mainly dependent on cerebello-cortical pathways basis forward models predictions impact future behaviour (McNamee Wolpert, 2019;Manto This special issue gathers contributions aiming unravel novel facets research. So far, prediction errors have assessed measuring positivity, an event-related potential extracted EEG recordings, positive deflection at level fronto-central areas typically FCz (Krigolson, 2018).EEG trial accuracy (Bacelor Interestingly, learners high performances more sensitive violations expectations. Low-performing participants show performance expectations that uncertain, being unable differentiate good performances.What interactions between biomechanical control, tactile cognitive processing skill acquisition? To answer this question, Cienfuegos al. studied bimanual task original maze game (Cienfuegos Participants were asked move rolling sphere, employing sensors. The authors introduced primitives. Good performers showed efficient navigation, better motion strategies improved control.They exhibited detailed representation post-practice.The results highlight need consider set sophisticated events actions.Dong colleagues effects football juggling executive functioning (EF) functional connectivity aged 17-19 who randomly assigned 70 sessions (J+; n=38) or no (J-; n=32). EF components pre-and post-juggling inhibition, working memory, shifting. Functional MRI ROI-to-ROI 132 regions, collected post-juggling, was used estimate connectivity. Significantly improvement inhibition shifting observed J+ than J-participants. A preto-post intervention increase frontal, cerebellar regions relatively Connectivity right superior gyrus left cerebellum correlated changes These neural underpinnings association functioning.Yin real-world ping-pong ball bouncing (Yin (n=48) trained for three days under reward, punishment, neutral conditions. Learning, retention, transfer post-training. Punishment enhanced early but impaired long-term while facilitated late short-term memory. Both types interfered memory gains, transferred untrained hand. findings suggest punishment engage distinct processes mechanisms, implications training rehabilitation.Hill (reward punishment) modulated locomotor behavior (Hill (n=33) learned knee flexion pattern during walking, either supervised visual feedback. They savings across these groups. found (i.e. feedback) promoted group. Suggesting may not benefit adaptation similar manner seen upper extremity adaptation. Hence, even impair certain learning.Together, studies complexity pursue relevant goal-directed Novel paradigms oriented towards naturalistic approaches needed, world highly noisy, rendering decision possible (Wise Furthermore, advent non-invasive techniques brain, particularly those can target basal ganglia (Riis 2024), it be speculated selective modulation ofbrain networks implicated will applied increasingly frequently

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Machine learning and multi-omics integration: advancing cardiovascular translational research and clinical practice DOI Creative Commons

Mingzhi Lin,

Jiuqi Guo,

Zhilin Gu

et al.

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 2, 2025

The global burden of cardiovascular diseases continues to rise, making their prevention, diagnosis and treatment increasingly critical. With advancements breakthroughs in omics technologies such as high-throughput sequencing, multi-omics approaches can offer a closer reflection the complex physiological pathological changes body from molecular perspective, providing new microscopic insights into research. However, due vast volume complexity data, accurately describing, utilising, translating these biomedical data demands substantial effort. Researchers clinicians are actively developing artificial intelligence (AI) methods for data-driven knowledge discovery causal inference using various data. These AI approaches, integrated with research, have shown promising outcomes studies. In this review, we outline integrating machine learning, one most successful applications AI, summarise representative models developed that leverage facilitate exploration underlying mechanisms clinical practice. Particular emphasis is placed on effectiveness extract potential information address current gaps. We discuss challenges opportunities routine diagnostic therapeutic practices anticipate future development novel wider application field diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Unifying principles of generalization: past, present, and future DOI Open Access
Charley M. Wu, Björn Meder, Eric Schulz

et al.

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Generalization, defined as applying limited experiences to novel situations, represents a cornerstone of human intelligence. Our review traces the evolution and continuity psychological theories generalization, from origins in concept learning (categorizing stimuli) function (learning continuous input-output relationships), domains such reinforcement latent structure learning. Historically, there have been fierce debates between rule-based mechanisms, which rely on explicit hypotheses about environmental structure, similarity-based leverage comparisons prior instances. Each approach has unique advantages: rules support rapid knowledge transfer, while similarity is computationally simple flexible. Today, these culminated development hybrid models grounded Bayesian principles, effectively marrying precision with flexibility similarity. The ongoing success not only bridges past dichotomies but also underscores importance integrating both for comprehensive understanding generalization.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Grid codes underlie multiple cognitive maps in the human brain DOI
Dong Chen, Nikolai Axmacher, Liang Wang

et al.

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 102569 - 102569

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1