Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 19, 2024
Abstract
The
medial
temporal
lobe
(MTL)
is
one
of
the
key
functional
centers
in
human
brain,
which
participates
various
higher-order
cognitive
functions,
studies
brain
connectivity
MTL
have
received
extensive
attention.
However,
network
models
been
used
to
be
explored
from
attributes
whole-brain
matrix.
Brain
local
connectomes
may
more
valuable
for
analyzing
mechanisms
underlying
functions
and
clinical
neurological
symptoms.
Thus,
this
study,
we
constructed
structural
parcellations,
included
amygdala,
hippocampus,
parahippocampal
gyrus,
acquired
characteristics
topology
parameters
hubs
distributions.
Finally,
classified
major
subtypes
these
by
hierarchical
clustering,
demonstrated
that
were
closely
related
providing
a
basis
further
exploration
modifiable
within
parcellations.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: Jan. 11, 2024
Introduction
Maladaptive
functioning
of
the
amygdala
has
been
associated
with
impaired
emotion
regulation
in
affective
disorders.
Recent
advances
real-time
fMRI
neurofeedback
have
successfully
demonstrated
modulation
activity
healthy
and
psychiatric
populations.
In
contrast
to
an
abstract
feedback
representation
applied
standard
designs,
we
proposed
a
novel
paradigm
using
naturalistic
stimuli
like
human
emotional
faces
as
display
where
change
facial
expression
intensity
(from
neutral
happy
or
from
fearful
neutral)
was
coupled
participant’s
ongoing
bilateral
activity.
Methods
The
feasibility
this
experimental
approach
tested
on
64
participants
who
completed
single
training
session
four
runs.
Participants
were
assigned
one
groups
(
n
=
16
per
group),
i.e.,
happy-up,
happy-down,
fear-up,
fear-down.
Depending
group
assignment,
they
either
instructed
“try
make
face
happier”
by
upregulating
(happy-up)
downregulating
(happy-down)
less
fearful”
(fear-up)
(fear-down)
signal.
Results
Linear
mixed
effect
analyses
revealed
significant
changes
fear
condition,
specifically
fear-down
downregulation
last
two
runs
compared
first
run.
happy-up
happy-down
did
not
show
over
We
observe
improvement
questionnaire
scores
subsequent
behavior.
Furthermore,
task-dependent
effective
connectivity
between
amygdala,
fusiform
area
(FFA),
medial
orbitofrontal
cortex
(mOFC)
examined
dynamic
causal
modeling.
FFA
significantly
increased
(facilitatory
effect)
decreased
group.
Notably,
downregulated
through
inhibitory
mechanism
mediated
mOFC
during
Discussion
study,
intended
address
key
processes
stimuli,
participant
engagement
task,
bidirectional
regulation,
task
congruence,
their
influence
learning
success.
It
that
such
versatile
can
be
tailored
target
biased
processing
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
19
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Objective
To
investigate
the
quantitative
characteristics
and
major
subtypes
of
local
structural
connectomes
for
medial
temporal
lobe
(MTL)
parcellations.
Methods
The
Q-Space
Diffeomorphic
Reconstruction
(QSDR)
method
was
used
to
track
white
matter
fibers
ROIs
within
MTL
based
on
integrating
high-resolution
T1
MR
imaging
diffusion
100
adult
Chinese
individuals.
Graph
theoretical
analysis
employed
construct
connectome
models
acquire
network
parameters.
These
connectivity
matrices
these
were
classified
into
undergoing
hierarchical
clustering.
Results
(1)
In
brain
connectomes,
overall
features
exhibited
a
low
characteristic
path
length
paired
with
moderate
high
global
efficiency,
suggesting
effectiveness
construction.
amygdala
longer
weaker
efficiency
than
ipsilateral
hippocampus
parahippocampal
connectomes.
(2)
hubs
dispersed
across
ventral
frontal,
olfactory
area,
limbic,
parietal
regions
subcortical
nuclei,
hippocampal
mainly
situated
parietal,
regions.
distribution
resembled
but
lacking
interhemispheric
connections
nuclei.
(3)
each
ROI
by
clustering,
bilateral
amygdala-prefrontal
connectome;
amygdala-ipsilateral
or
contralateral
limbic
amygdala-posterior
connectome.
primarily
included
hippocampus-ipsilateral
anterior
temporal-hippocampus-ventral
temporal-occipital
in
domain
hemisphere.
resemblances
those
hippocampus.
Conclusion
We
have
constructed
parcellations
acquired
parameters
delineate
through
graph
theory
analysis.
can
be
different
subtypes,
which
closely
related
functional
connectivity.
It
is
easy
to
think
of
attention
as
a
sensory
mechanism
divorced
from
the
influence
an
agent’s
preferences
and
needs.
However,
according
active
inference,
such
strict
divisions
cannot
be
invoked,
since
all
cognitive
behavioural
processes
can
described
maximising
evidence
for
generative
model,
which
entails
that
make
entity
thing
it
is.
As
such,
—
perception
more
broadly
constrained
or
enslaved
by
prior
beliefs
agent
must
seek
evidence.
This
paper
demonstrates
this
imperative
always
at
play
in
systems
endowed
with
attentional
schema,
question
transcend
contingent,
task-relevant
goals
bias
attention.
Rather,
powerfully
tuned
most-deep
rooted
priors
possesses,
that,
when
against
these
observed
free
energy
spikes,
attentionally
prioritises
homeostatic
restoration
preferred
states
over
their
shorter-term
desires.
Thus,
its
core,
goal-driven
process,
calls
into
putative
distinction
between
endogenous
–
goal-directed,
top-down
exogenous
bottom-up,
stimulus-driven,
automatic
What
emerges
place
symbiotic
relationship
preferences,
whereby
fulfilment
latter
rests
on
successful
application
former,
former
derives
function
organismic
need
confirm
latter.
American Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
181(12), P. 1059 - 1075
Published: Dec. 1, 2024
Anxiety
disorders
are
a
leading
source
of
human
misery,
morbidity,
and
premature
mortality.
Existing
treatments
far
from
curative
for
many,
underscoring
the
need
to
clarify
underlying
neural
mechanisms.
Although
many
brain
regions
contribute,
amygdala
has
received
most
intense
scientific
attention.
Over
past
several
decades,
this
scrutiny
yielded
detailed
understanding
function,
but
it
failed
produce
new
clinical
assays,
biomarkers,
or
cures.
Rising
urgent
public
health
challenge
demands
an
honest
reckoning
with
functional-neuroanatomical
complexity
shift
theories
anchored
on
"the
amygdala"
models
centered
specific
nuclei
cell
types.
This
review
begins
by
examining
evidence
studies
rodents,
monkeys,
humans
"canonical
model,"
idea
that
plays
central
role
in
fear-
anxiety-related
states,
traits,
disorders.
Next,
authors
selectively
highlight
work
indicating
canonical
model,
while
true,
is
overly
simplistic
fails
adequately
capture
actual
state
evidentiary
record,
breadth
amygdala-associated
functions
illnesses,
amygdala's
functional
architecture.
The
describe
implications
these
facts
basic
neuroimaging
research.
concludes
some
general
recommendations
grappling
accelerating
efforts
understand
more
effectively
treat
amygdala-related
psychopathology.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 30, 2024
Abstract
The
amygdala
is
a
cluster
of
subcortical
nuclei
that
receives
diverse
sensory
inputs
and
projects
to
the
cortex,
midbrain
other
structures.
Numerous
accounts
amygdalar
contributions
social
emotional
behavior
have
been
offered,
yet
an
overarching
description
function
remains
elusive.
Here
we
adopt
computationally
explicit
framework
aims
develop
model
based
on
types
it
receives,
rather
than
individual
constructs
such
as
threat,
arousal,
or
valence.
Characterizing
human
fMRI
signal
acquired
participants
viewed
full-length
film,
developed
encoding
models
predict
both
patterns
activity
self-reported
valence
evoked
by
naturalistic
images.
We
use
deep
image
synthesis
generate
artificial
stimuli
distinctly
engage
subregions
systematically
differ
from
one
another
in
terms
their
low-level
visual
properties.
These
findings
characterize
how
compresses
high-dimensional
into
low-dimensional
representations
relevant
for
behavior.
