Positive affect and reward processing in the treatment of depression, anxiety and trauma

Nature Reviews Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Effects of the KCNQ (Kv7) Channel Opener Ezogabine on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Striatal Brain Reward Regions, Depression and Anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Anhedonia as a Core Symptom of Depression and a Construct for Biological Research

FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 163 - 172

Published: April 1, 2025

Anhedonia is a key psychiatric symptom that has seen significant advances in its understanding both clinical practice and research over the past few decades. Once considered primarily feature of depression, recent studies have shown anhedonia also core element other disorders contributes to considerable morbidity, mortality, suicidality. Emerging models psychopathology illness emphasize transdiagnostic relevance anhedonia. At same time, neuroimaging provided deeper insights into underlying pathophysiology, several assessment scales with strong psychometric properties been developed. Various treatment strategies-including psychopharmacology, neuromodulation, psychotherapy-have demonstrated varying degrees effectiveness. This review discusses evolving anhedonia, significance as diagnostic marker, prevalence, pathophysiological underpinnings. Additionally, authors provide an overview tools explore range approaches studied date.

Language: Английский

---

Towards a consensus roadmap for a new diagnostic framework for mental disorders

European Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 16 - 27

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Current nosology claims to separate mental disorders into distinct categories that do not overlap with each other. This nosological separation is based on underlying pathophysiology but convention-based clustering of qualitative symptoms which are typically measured subjectively. Yet, clinical heterogeneity and diagnostic in disease dimensions within across different huge. While provide the basis for general management, they describe neurobiology gives rise individual symptomatic presentations. The ability incorporate framework stratify patients accordingly will be a critical step forward development new treatments disorders. Furthermore, it also allow physicians better understanding their illness's complexities management. To realize this ambition, paradigm shift needed build an how neuropsychiatric conditions can defined more precisely using quantitative (multimodal) biological processes markers thus significantly improve treatment success. ECNP New Frontiers Meeting 2024 set out develop consensus roadmap building by discussing its rationale, outlook, consequences all stakeholders involved. would instantiate principles procedures research could continuously precision diagnostics while moving away from traditional nosology. In meeting report, speakers' summaries presentations combined address three key elements generating such roadmap, namely, application innovative technologies, biology illness, translating approaches. general, indicated crucial need biology-informed establish precise diagnosis facilitate bringing right patient at time.

Language: Английский

---

Blunted anticipation but not consummation of food rewards in depression

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2024

Abstract Background Anhedonia is a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). While its narrow definition as hedonic or consummatory deficit evolved to encompass anticipatory and motivational reward facets, it remains unclear where deficits manifest. As evidence accumulates for metabolic hormones affecting processing, studying their role in mitigating could yield crucial insights. Here, we compare food ratings between patients with MDD healthy control participants (HCPs) from anticipation consummation evaluate associations anhedonia parameters. Methods We conducted cross-sectional study 103 participants, including 52 51 HCPs. After overnight fasting, blood samples were collected determine levels ghrelin, glucose, insulin, triglycerides. Participants completed taste test, providing repeated wanting liking, gradually moving consummation. Findings Patients showed decreased ( p = .046) but not liking rewards during visual anticipation. However, once was inspected tasted, increased relative HCPs .004), strong against (Bayes Factors > 9). In contrast anhedonia, higher scores on the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale associated reduced .010) more pronounced increases proximity .037). Acyl ghrelin ratings, while poor glycemic linked symptoms anhedonia. Interpretation Our demonstrates that are rather than pleasure deficits. Notably, ghrelin’s association elevated implicates gut-brain axis potential target treating MDD. Funding DFG KR 4555/7-1, 4555/9-1, 4555/10-1, & WA 2673/15-1 Graphical Research context Evidence before this Anhedonia, depression, has traditionally been conceptualised pleasure. recent definitions have expanded include aspects processing. Despite evolution, experimental studies systematically investigate these facets lacking, most animal models focusing Added value This contributes novel insights by demonstrating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) exhibit rewards. Bayesian hypothesis testing indicates deficit, suggesting instead primary impairment Additionally, highlights peripheral specific function, shedding light underlying mechanisms lower insulin sensitivity glucose fasting acyl ratings. Implications all available The findings suggest wanting, pleasure, may underlie distinction important implications treatment strategies, targeting incentive motivation be effective alleviating symptoms. observation improves therapeutic approach enhancing proximity. Furthermore, suggests signalling symptoms, particularly cases depression involving loss appetite weight.

Language: Английский

---

Depression is associated with higher sensitivity to social media rewards

Published: June 22, 2024

The interaction between social media use and mental health is of great public concern. Studies so far, largely employing self-reported measures use, have produced inconclusive evidence regarding the impact on health. Focusing objective behavioral markers psychological mechanisms underlying how users interact with platforms could be key to greater insight this topic. Here we Twitter data study depression modulates a central process media: response rewards (e.g. likes, shares, views) receive when they post. Reinforcement learning theory predicts that will reinforce posting behavior, such receiving more likes lead frequently spending time platform. However, laboratory tasks often show blunted reinforcement in depression, suggesting potential attenuation effects behavior. Across 3 datasets varied collection strategies (over 17 million tweets from 7,736 total, including pre-registered replication), consistently found was associated larger reinforcing effect next day. In other words, showed heightened sensitivity rewards, contrast findings laboratory-based tasks. These results identify mechanism may link poor health, underscore importance testing generalizability in-lab computational psychiatry real-world environments.

Language: Английский

---

Cognitive maps and schizophrenia

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---