Response to the critiques (and encouragements) on our critique of motivation constructs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 48

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract The target article argued that motivation constructs are treated as black boxes and called for work specifies the mental computational processes underlying motivated behavior. In response to critical commentaries, we clarify our philosophical standpoint, elaborate on meaning of why past was not sufficient, discuss opportunities expand scope framework.

Language: Английский

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Toddlers strategically adapt their information search

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 10, 2024

Adaptive information seeking is essential for humans to effectively navigate complex and dynamic environments. Here, we developed a gaze-contingent eye-tracking paradigm examine the early emergence of adaptive information-seeking. Toddlers (N = 60, 18-36 months) adults 42) either learnt that an animal was equally likely be found in any four available locations, or it most one particular location. Afterwards, they were given control torchlight, which could move with their eyes explore otherwise pitch-black task environment. Eye-movement data Markov models show that, from 24 months age, toddlers become more exploratory than adults, start adapting strategies structure task. These results toddlers' search are sophisticated previously thought, identify unique features distinguish adults'.

Language: Английский

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To know or not to know? Curiosity and the value of prospective information in animals

Learning & Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 114 - 127

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Humans and other animals often seek instrumental information to strategically improve their decisions in the present. Our curiosity also leads us acquire non-instrumental that is not immediately useful but can be encoded memory stored for use future by means of episodic recall. Despite its adaptive benefits central role human cognition, questions remain about cognitive mechanisms evolutionary origins underpin curiosity. Here, we comparatively review recent empirical studies some authors have suggested reflects nonhuman animals. We focus on findings from laboratory tasks which individuals choose gain advanced uncertain outcomes, even though cannot used increase rewards costly. explore prevalence preferences these across animals, discuss theoretical advances they promoted, outline limitations contemporary research. several features guide research aimed at characterising understanding Though actively debated, surmise investigating behavioural candidates curiosity-motivated behaviour a broader range species contexts, should help promote our principles pressures support curiosity-driven behaviour.

Language: Английский

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Autistic traits foster effective curiosity-driven exploration

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. e1012453 - e1012453

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Curiosity-driven exploration involves actively engaging with the environment to learn from it. Here, we hypothesize that cognitive mechanisms underlying exploratory behavior may differ across individuals depending on personal characteristics such as autistic traits. In turn, this variability might influence successful exploration. To investigate this, collected self- and other-reports of traits university students, tested them in an task which participants could hiding patterns multiple characters. Participants' prediction errors learning progress (i.e., decrease error) were tracked a hierarchical delta-rule model. Crucially, freely decide when disengage character what explore next. We examined whether modulated relation found lower scores insistence-on-sameness general less persistent, primarily relying during initial stages Conversely, higher more persistent relied later phases exploration, resulting better performance task. This research advances our understanding interplay between drives, emphasizing importance individual processes highlighting need for personalized approaches.

Language: Английский

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Analyzing Viewers’ Responses to Exposés of Corporate Social Irresponsibility on Social Media: An Emotion Analysis

Journal of Promotion Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 151 - 178

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

This study examines consumers' emotional responses to YouTube videos that exposed corporate social irresponsibility incidents. A total of 67,117 comments were collected and screened identify those mentioned the brand name. The analysis was divided into two distinct phases. In phase one, BART, a deep learning algorithm, used extract emotions expressed through in response exposure CSI second phase, this employed negative binomial regression analyzed conceptual model examine relationship between emotion supportive behavior by fellow consumers on YouTube. Results one suggested consumer consist positive toward brand, such as joy, trust, surprise, anticipation. 2 findings indicate anger, anticipation, sadness garner more support from other consumers, while disgust, joy are negatively associated with behavior. extends developing body literature taking novel context. Moreover, it also showed importance different discrete increasing consumers. Practically, provides directions promotion managers for managing media crises due CSI.

Language: Английский

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Integrating lines of research on children’s curiosity-driven learning

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 252, P. 106168 - 106168

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Epistemic curiosity is considered indispensable in children's learning, but previous empirical research on curiosity-driven learning has been fragmented; separate lines tend to focus single outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed at integrating different by adapting an existing paradigm investigate not only the relation between state and their memory performance also desire explore. In addition, examined a possible mechanism through which affects recall: increased attentional processes. Last, investigated role of intelligence perceived prior knowledge recall. We applied within-participants design Trivia task (N = 32) Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices were administered 10- 12-year-olds. task, participants learn answers trivia questions for they have high low curiosity, subsequently recall tested. Main findings include that children memorized facts better when high-curious rather than low-curious state, positive may increase with intelligence. Importantly, still held taking into account knowledge. Curiosity was positively related further explore concerning topic. Given some educational contexts promoting priority express little school-related important value practice lies reinforcement notion being main driver learning.

Language: Английский

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Active control over exploration improves memory in toddlers

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Across two experiments, we implemented a novel gaze-contingent eye-tracking paradigm to investigate the early emergence of memory benefits from active control over exploration and examine how exploratory behaviours affect formation in development. Toddlers (experiment 1: n = 36, 18–36 months; experiment 2: 41, 23–36 months) were either allowed actively their (active condition) or presented with same information that they could only passively observe (passive condition 1; yoked 2). They then tested preferential-looking which familiar versus stimuli pairs. Evidence eye-movement patterns indicates toddlers demonstrate improved recognition when given learning. Toddlers’ pace learning (i.e. visitation rate) explains improvement exploration. Their is also related individual differences systematicity behaviour sequence entropy). These findings suggest exhibit more sophisticated strategies than previously believed, revealing development ability adapt these enhance therefore support

Language: Английский

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Hierarchical behavioral analysis framework as a platform for standardized quantitative identification of behaviors

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 115239 - 115239

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Neuroscientific Basis of Flow: Learning Progress Guides Task Engagement and Cognitive Control

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121076 - 121076

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

People often strive for deep engagement in activities, a state typically associated with feelings of flow - full task absorption accompanied by sense control and enjoyment. The intrinsic factors driving such facilitating subjective remain unclear. Building on computational theories motivation, this study examines how learning progress predicts directs cognitive control. Results showed that engagement, indicated low distractibility, is function progress. Electroencephalography data further revealed enhanced proactive preparation (e.g., reduced pre-stimulus contingent negativity variance parietal alpha desynchronization) improved feedback processing increased P3b amplitude desynchronization). impact observed at the task-block goal-episode levels, but not trial level. This suggests shapes over extended periods as accumulates. These findings highlight critical role sustaining goal-directed behavior.

Language: Английский

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Curiosity and reward after unsuccessful memory recall

Consciousness and Cognition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 103829 - 103829

Published: Feb. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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