ChemBioEng Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(4), P. 441 - 461
Published: July 20, 2023
Abstract
The
widespread
use
of
plastic
items
and
their
improper
disposal
harms
not
only
physical
environments
but
also
human
health
globally.
Therefore,
a
bioplastic
or
polymer
that
can
completely
vanish
from
the
environment
is
foremost
priority.
Bioplastic
be
manufactured
using
raw
materials
plants,
animals,
microbes.
Polyhydroxyalkaonates
(PHAs)
type
which
naturally
produced
by
microbes
importantly
biodegradable
as
well
biocompostable.
PHA
production
utilizing
commercial
sugars
an
economically
cost‐effective
process.
Due
to
urbanization
industrialization
huge
amount
waste
generated
around
world
its
management
major
environmental
issue.
Urban
wastes
wastewater
treatment
plant,
agro/food‐processing
industries,
dairy
even
household
uses
sustainable
feedstock
for
synthesis
PHAs.
current
status
globe
summarized,
urban
potential
advances
in
technology
reviewed.
Pertanika journal of tropical agricultural science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
48(3)
Published: May 16, 2025
Pineapple
leaves,
a
by-product
of
cultivation,
are
generally
discarded
and
burned
at
the
farm
sites
before
replanting.
As
demand
for
pineapple
products
increases
yearly,
number
leaves
also
increases.
Valorisation
through
solid-state
fermentation
(SSF)
is
sustainable
waste
management
approach
that
converts
low-nutrient
substrate
into
valuable
resources
animal
feed.
This
study
investigated
enrichment
leaf
nutritional
values
using
SSF.
The
process
parameters
such
as
time,
inoculum
type
size,
additional
carbon
source
particle
size
were
optimised
one-factor-at-a-time
(OFAT)
method.
nutrient
compositions
analysed
their
total
protein,
phenolic,
antioxidant
activity,
reducing
sugar
crude
fibre
Bradford,
Folin–Ciocalteu,
DPPH
(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl),
DNS
(3,5-dinitrosalicylic
acid)
AOAC978.10
methods,
respectively.
optimal
conditions
determined
to
be
2
mm
2%
(w/w)
Rhizopus
sp.
inoculum,
duration
days
without
addition
source.
Under
these
conditions,
resulted
in
protein
content
24.14
±
0.31
mg/g,
phenolics
11.81
0.50
activity
3.17
0.04
12.03
0.97
mg/g.
Crude
decreased
from
20.37
1.10%
unfermented
6.77
0.44%
after
fermentation,
potentially
improving
digestibility
due
reduction
indigestible
fibre.
These
results
demonstrate
SSF
promising
method
enhance
offering
an
alternative
