Stomata variation in the process of polyploidization in Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum)

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Stomatal variation, including guard cell (GC) density, size and chloroplast number, is often used to differentiate polyploids from diploids. However, few works have focused on stomatal variation with respect polyploidization, especially for consecutively different ploidy levels within a plant species. For example, Allium tuberosum, which mainly tetraploid (2n = 4x 32), also found at other not been widely studied yet.We recently cultivars levels, those that are diploid 2x 16), triploid 3x 24), pseudopentaploid 34-42, mostly 40) pseudohexaploid 44-50, 48). GCs were evaluated their (length width) number. There was no correspondence between level in anisopolyploids (approximately 57 53 stomata/mm2 pseudopentaploid, respectively) had higher density than isopolyploids 36, 43, 44 diploid, pseudohexaploid, respectively). positive relationship GC number 44, 45, 51, 72 90 length width increased level. the approximately 1.22 times faster during polyploidization.This study shows increasing DNA content, but rate of increase differed width. In process plants evolved longer narrower stomata more chloroplasts GCs.

Language: Английский

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The Subordinate Role of Pseudogenization over Recombinative Deletion Following Polyploidization in Angiosperms

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 3, 2024

Extensive gene loss is a key feature of the rediploidization process following polyploidization. Despites this, molecular mechanisms behind such are unclear, whether it through pseudogenization, i.e., accumulation deleterious mutations leading to non-functionality genes, or DNA deletion from genome by recombination. Here, we investigated extent pseudogenization post-polyploidization identifying pseudogenes in collinear segments retained ancient polyploidy events twelve angiosperms. The number identified polyploidy-derived among species was drastically lower than what would be expected if and contribute equally loss. Because this could affected decreased pseudogene detectability due mutation accumulation, collinearity over-time, addressed these issues simulating neutrally evolving (pseudo)genes investigating neo-polyploid sugarcane genome, respectively. Our simulations indicated that absence mechanisms, should detectable for longer evolutionary period observed real paleo-polyploid genomes. Furthermore, despite being still polyploid, has already experienced significant loss, with only one-third associated pseudogenization. Taken together, findings imply primarily takes place via recombinative deletion. This assertion further reinforced identification an apparent initial phase rapid enrichment regions low Moreover, hypothesize some found may govern function, their non-neutral Ka/Ks ratio overlap lncRNAs.

Language: Английский

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Genome Size Variation in Sesamum indicum L. Germplasm from Niger

Genes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 711 - 711

Published: May 29, 2024

Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) is one of the most economically important oil crops in world, thanks to high content its seeds and nutritional value. It cultivated all over mainly Asia Africa. Well adapted arid environments, sesame offers a good opportunity as an alternative subsistence crop for farmers Africa, particularly Niger, cope with climate change. For first time, variation genome size among 75 accessions Nigerien germplasm was studied. The sample collected throughout revealing various morphological, biochemical phenological traits. comparison, additional accession from Thailand evaluated available Asian representative. In Niger sample, 2C DNA value ranged 0.77 1 pg (753 978 Mbp), average 0.85 ± 0.037 (831 Mbp). Statistical analysis showed significant difference values 58 pairs (p-value < 0.05). This indicates likely genetic diversity germplasm, offering valuable insights into possible potential climate-resilient agriculture. Our results therefore raise fundamental question: intraspecific variability correlated specific morphological physiological traits?

Language: Английский

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Characterization of radiations-induced genomic structural variations inArabidopsis thaliana

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 25, 2024

ABSTRACT DNA, is assaulted by endogenous and exogenous agents that lead to the formation of damage. In order maintain genome integrity DNA repair pathways must be efficiently activated prevent mutations deleterious chromosomal rearrangements. Conversely, flexibility also necessary allow genetic diversity evolution. The antagonist interaction between maintenance determines shape organization. Therefore, it great interest understand how whole linear structure behaves upon For this, we used long reads sequencing technology identify characterize genomic structural variations (SV) wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana somatic cells exposed either UV-B, UV-C or protons irradiations. We found regions located in heterochromatin a more prone form SVs than those euchromatin, highlighting stability differs along chromosome. This holds true plants deficient for expression master regulators Damage Response (DDR), ATM ATR, suggesting independent alternative surveillance processes exist genic regions. Finally, analysis radiations-induced deleted allowed determining exposure induced Microhomology-mediated end joining mechanism (MMEJ) both ATR repress this pathway.

Language: Английский

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Large genomes are associated with greater cells, nitrogen-rich and high-latitude environments in the protist Synura

Authorea (Authorea), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

The nuclear genome is crucial for cells, and increasing evidence shows that DNA content alone can alter cell organismal characteristics. However, the extent of size variation its ecological evolutionary consequences are not well understood, especially in microorganisms. We used flow cytometry to estimate GC 53 lineages microalgal genus Synura (Chrysophyceae, Stramenopiles). Genome evolution was reconstructed a phylogenetic framework using molecular markers. A set genomic, morphological, ecogeographic variables characterizing were evaluated tested as predictors phylogeny-corrected statistical models. Both varied widely Synura, ranging from 0.19 3.70 pg 34.0% 49.3%, respectively. mainly associated with size, less silica scales covering surface, at all phylogenetically conserved ultrastructure scales. requirements significantly affected by variation, suggesting larger genomes habitats higher soil nitrogen content, latitudes, lower mean temperatures. suggests potential dynamism. Unlike decreases, increases mostly restricted short terminal branches, indicating macroevolutionary stability. Lineages exhibited narrower range suitable conditions, likely due constraints on upper limits.

Language: Английский

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