A stony coral cell atlas illuminates the molecular and cellular basis of coral symbiosis, calcification, and immunity

Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(11), P. 2973 - 2987.e18

Published: May 1, 2021

Stony corals are colonial cnidarians that sustain the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on Earth: coral reefs. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about cell types and molecular pathways underpin biology of reef-building corals. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we define over 40 across life cycle Stylophora pistillata. We discover specialized immune cells, uncover developmental gene expression dynamics calcium-carbonate skeleton formation. By simultaneously measuring transcriptomes cells algae within them, characterize metabolic programs involved in symbiosis both partners. also trace evolution these specializations by phylogenetic integration multiple cnidarian type atlases. Overall, this study reveals cellular basis stony biology.

Language: Английский

---

The coral microbiome: towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of coral–microbiota interactions

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(2)

Published: March 1, 2023

Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms, some of which are implicated vital functions, such as those related to resilience against climate change. However, knowledge gaps and technical challenges limit our understanding the nature functional significance complex symbiotic relationships within corals. Here, we provide an overview complexity coral microbiome focusing on taxonomic diversity functions well-studied cryptic microbes. Mining literature indicate that while corals collectively harbour third all marine bacterial phyla, known symbionts antagonists represent minute fraction this these taxa cluster into select genera, suggesting selective evolutionary mechanisms enabled bacteria gain niche holobiont. Recent advances research aimed at leveraging manipulation increase coral's fitness help mitigate heat stress-related mortality discussed. Then, insights potential through microbiota can communicate modify host responses examined by describing recognition patterns, microbially derived epigenome effector proteins gene regulation. Finally, power omics tools used study highlighted emphasis integrated host-microbiota multiomics framework understand underlying during change-driven dysbiosis.

Language: Английский

---

Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 715 - 752

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

ABSTRACT The intracellular coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins success of coral reefs, one most diverse ecosystems on planet. However, breakdown and loss microalgal symbiont (i.e. bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in rapid degradation reefs globally. There an urgent need understand cellular physiology bleaching at mechanistic level help develop solutions mitigate reef crisis. Here, unprecedented scope, we present novel models integrate putative mechanisms within a common framework according triggers (initiators bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), endpoints (mechanisms loss, apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses non‐cnidarian systems. With this approach, new have been established between initiated different triggers. In particular, provide insights into poorly understood connections highlight role mechanism i.e. ‘symbiolysosomal digestion’, which symbiophagy. This review also increases approachability for specialists non‐specialists mapping vast landscape atlas comprehensible detailed models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps how future research may improve understanding cascade pathways (endpoints).

Language: Английский

---

Symbiosis between cyanobacteria and plants: from molecular studies to agronomic applications

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(19), P. 6145 - 6157

Published: July 9, 2023

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria from the order Nostocales are able to establish symbiotic relationships with diverse plant species. They promiscuous symbionts, as same strain of cyanobacterium is form biological nitrogen-fixing different plants This review will focus on types cyanobacterial-plant associations, both endophytic and epiphytic, provide insights a structural viewpoint, well our current understanding mechanisms involved in crosstalk. In all these symbioses, benefit for clear; it obtains fixed nitrogen other bioactive compounds, such phytohormones, polysaccharides, siderophores, or vitamins, leading enhanced growth productivity. Additionally, there increasing use cyanobacterial species bio-inoculants fixation improve soil fertility crop production, thus providing an eco-friendly, alternative, sustainable approach reduce over-reliance synthetic chemical fertilizers.

Language: Английский

---

Stony coral tissue loss disease induces transcriptional signatures of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), one of the most pervasive and virulent diseases on record, affects over 22 species reef-building is decimating reefs throughout Caribbean. To understand how different their algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) respond to this disease, we examine gene expression profiles colonies five from a SCTLD transmission experiment. The included vary in purported susceptibilities SCTLD, use inform analyses both animal Symbiodiniaceae. We identify orthologous genes exhibiting lineage-specific differences that correlate susceptibility, as well are differentially expressed all response infection. find infection induces increased rab7 , an established marker situ degradation dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae, accompanied by genus-level shifts Symbiodiniaceae photosystem metabolism expression. Overall, our results indicate symbiophagy across severity influenced identity.

Language: Английский

---

Coral endosymbiont growth is enhanced by metabolic interactions with bacteria

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Bacteria are key contributors to microalgae resource acquisition, competitive performance, and functional diversity, but their potential metabolic interactions with coral microalgal endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) have been largely overlooked. Here, we show that altering the bacterial composition of two widespread Symbiodiniaceae species, during free-living stage, results in a significant shift cellular metabolism. Indeed, abundance monosaccharides phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were correlated presence specific bacteria, including members Labrenzia (Roseibium) Marinobacter genera. Single-cell stable isotope tracking revealed these genera involved reciprocal exchanges carbon nitrogen Symbiodiniaceae. We identified provision IAA by Marinobacter, this metabolite caused growth enhancement By unravelling interkingdom interactions, our work demonstrates how associates fundamentally govern fitness.

Language: Английский

---

Comparative transcriptomics revealed parallel evolution and innovation of photosymbiosis molecular mechanisms in a marine bivalve

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2023)

Published: May 1, 2024

Photosymbioses between heterotrophic hosts and autotrophic symbionts are evolutionarily prevalent ecologically significant. However, the molecular mechanisms behind such symbioses remain less elucidated, which hinders our understanding of their origin adaptive evolution. This study compared gene expression patterns in a photosymbiotic bivalve (

Language: Английский

---

High temporal resolution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dynamics during heat stress does not support a causative role in coral bleaching

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 119 - 133

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Human-induced climate change is causing ocean warming that triggers the breakdown of coral–algal symbiosis. The proximate cause this phenomenon, known as coral bleaching, commonly attributed to overproduction reactive oxygen species (ROS) by thermally stressed photosynthetic algal symbionts. However, direct evidence ROS production (e.g., in form H 2 O ) and physiological stress are ultimate bleaching remains ambiguous. Here, we investigated temporal dynamics (O concentrations during induced disentangle from consequence. Microsensors at tissue interface Pocillopora damicornis measured while exposing single nubbins baseline temperatures (30 °C) minor (33 °C), moderate (36 high (39 levels acute heat using Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS). We show a temporary decline concentration, accompanied declining efficiency loss Symbiodiniaceae pigmentation, initial response thermal stress. This was neither provoked nor followed an increased concentration interface. A steady light-independent increase only detected stress, resulting complete permanent activity. Our findings do not support connection between photodamage suggest more research on function warranted. notion further substantiated observation additional source , likely oxidative bursts, were common temperature under their occurrence decreased Resolving multifaceted dynamic roles critical better understand holobiont identifying processes underlying

Language: Английский

---

Current Progress in Lipidomics of Marine Invertebrates

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 660 - 660

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Marine invertebrates are a paraphyletic group that comprises more than 90% of all marine animal species. Lipids form the structural basis cell membranes, utilized as an energy reserve by invertebrates, and are, therefore, considered important indicators their ecology biochemistry. The nutritional value commercial directly depends on lipid composition. classes fatty acids have been studied in detail, but data lipidomes (the profiles molecules) remain very limited. To date, or parts known only for few species mollusks, coral polyps, ascidians, jellyfish, sea anemones, sponges, stars, urchins, cucumbers, crabs, copepods, shrimp, squid. This paper reviews various features molecular these animals. results application lipidomic approach ecology, embryology, physiology, biosynthesis, studies also discussed. possible applications lipidomics study considered.

Language: Английский

---

Metabolomic signatures of corals thriving across extreme reef habitats reveal strategies of heat stress tolerance

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(1992)

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Anthropogenic stressors continue to escalate worldwide, driving unprecedented declines in reef environmental conditions and coral health. One approach better understand how corals can function the future is examine populations that thrive within present day naturally extreme habitats. We applied untargeted metabolomics (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)) contrast metabolite profiles of Pocillopora acuta colonies from hot, acidic deoxygenated mangrove environments versus those adjacent reefs. Under ambient temperatures, P. predominantly associated with endosymbionts genera Cladocopium (reef) or Durusdinium (mangrove), exhibiting elevated metabolism through energy-generating biosynthesis pathways compared populations. transient heat stress, endosymbiont associations were unchanged. Reef bleached exhibited extensive shifts symbiont metabolic (whereas host unchanged). By contrast, did not bleach solely altered, including cellular responses inter-partner signalling, antioxidant capacity energy storage. Thus resist periodically high-temperature exposure via association thermally tolerant coupled plasticity. Our findings highlight specific metabolites may be biomarkers tolerance, providing novel insight into adaptive resilience temperatures.

Language: Английский

---