A cortical locus for modulation of arousal states DOI Creative Commons

Nithik Chintalacheruvu,

Anagha Kalelkar,

Joël Boutin

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 26, 2024

Fluctuations in global arousal are key determinants of spontaneous cortical activity and function. Several subcortical structures, including neuromodulator nuclei like the locus coeruleus (LC), involved regulation arousal. However, much less is known about role circuits that provide top-down inputs to arousal-related structures. Here, we investigated a major subdivision prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), modulation. Pupil size, facial movements, heart rate, locomotion were used as non-invasive measures behavioral state. We designed closed loop optogenetic system based on machine vision found real time inhibition ACC during pupil dilations suppresses ongoing events. In contrast, inhibiting control region had no effect Fiber photometry recordings showed scales with magnitude spontaneously occurring dilations/face movements independently locomotion. Moreover, activation increases addition modulating arousal, responses salient sensory stimuli scaled size evoked dilations. Consistent sustaining saliency-linked events, suppressed inactivation. Finally, our results comparing norepinephrinergic LC neuron support for initiation events which modulated by ACC. Collectively, experiments identify site momentary foundation understanding cortical-subcortical dynamics underlying modulation states.

Language: Английский

Prefrontal Cortex and the Control of Arousal States DOI
George A. Mashour

Anesthesiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 142(5), P. 785 - 786

Published: April 8, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Brainwide genetic capture for conscious state transitions DOI

Hallie Lazaro,

Kevin N. Schneider,

Michelle Jin

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Summary Abstract Spatially integrated mechanisms of consciousness are unclear 1,2 . An approach to manipulate brainwide circuits regulating via synthetic central nervous system activation may pave the way for more precise transitions in and reveal underlying mechanisms. Toward this goal, we leverage anesthesia as a tool probe at cellular resolution within intact network. We perform chemogenetic capture 3,4 isoflurane anesthesia-activated circuitry mice —in parallel with electrocorticography 5 , wireless mechano- acoustic recording peripheral physiology 6 behavioral classification 7,8 — describe state altered generated absence an anesthetic agent. define patterns under using brain immediate early gene mapping 9–12 combined high density silicon recordings 13 Our data identify subcortical hotspots neural activity unconsciousness network that is globally characterized by increased functional connectivity driven select nodes. provide technical resources spanning single-cell maps neurophysiologic datasets isoflurane-rendered unconscious state, along further its global cellular-level Together, present foundation future research refine viral-genetic generate conscious transitions, such sleep, stasis, analgesia or anesthesia.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Structural Interactions of Ankyrin B with NrCAM and β2 Spectrin DOI

Venkata R. Chirasani,

Victoria A. Haberman,

Erik N. Oldre

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 6, 2025

Abstract Ank2 is a high confidence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) gene encoding the spectrin-actin scaffold protein Ankyrin B (AnkB). The 220 kDal isoform of AnkB has multiple functions including developmental spine pruning through L1 family cell adhesion molecules (L1-CAMs) and class 3 Semaphorins on dendrites pyramidal neurons to achieve an appropriate excitatory balance in neocortex. Molecular modeling employing AlphaFold was used predict structure interactions with cytoplasmic domain Neuron-glial Related L1-CAM (NrCAM), β2-Spectrin. validity models assessed by analyzing protein-protein co-immunoprecipitation from HEK293 lysates after mutating key residues predicted impair these associations. Results revealed pocket critical membrane-binding that engages NrCAM at conserved motif FIGQY. Alphafold AnkB/β2-Spectrin complex also identified between spectrin-binding β2-Spectrin repeats 14-15. Selected ASD-linked mutations impact binding or were then assayed for interactions. Maternally inherited ASD missense A368G located R977Q Zu51 subdomain disrupted associations β2-Spectrin, respectively. Moreover, impaired neuronal function Semaphorin 3F-induced mouse cortical neuron cultures. These new findings provide structural insights into L1-CAM/AnkB molecular basis etiology associated mutations.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neural mechanisms linking sleep disturbances to motor and cognitive impairments in Parkinson’s disease: Evidence from resting-state and task-based fNIRS DOI
Haiyang Wang, Zhanhua Liang, Zhongrui Yan

et al.

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 149681 - 149681

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Large-scale coupling of prefrontal activity patterns as a mechanism for cognitive control in health and disease: evidence from rodent models DOI Creative Commons
Ignacio Negrón-Oyarzo,

Tatiana Dib,

Lorena Chacana-Véliz

et al.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: April 4, 2024

Cognitive control of behavior is crucial for well-being, as allows subject to adapt changing environments in a goal-directed way. Changes cognitive observed during decline elderly and pathological mental conditions. Therefore, the recovery may provide reliable preventive therapeutic strategy. However, its neural basis not completely understood. supported by prefrontal cortex, structure that integrates relevant information appropriate organization behavior. At neurophysiological level, it suggested local large-scale synchronization oscillatory activity patterns spiking between cortex distributed networks. In this review, we focus mainly on rodent models approaching neuronal origin these patterns, behavioral relevance coordination with brain systems. We also examine relationship role normal Finally, based body evidence, propose common mechanism underlie impaired

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Comparative Brain-Wide Mapping of Isoflurane and Ketamine-Activated Nuclei and Functional Networks DOI Open Access
Yue Hu,

Jiangtao Qi,

Zhao Zhang

et al.

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Ketamine (KET) and isoflurane (ISO) are two widely used general anesthetics, yet their distinct shared neurophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of KET ISO effects on c-Fos expression across the brain, utilizing hierarchical clustering c-Fos-based functional network to evaluate responses individual brain regions each anesthetic. Our findings demonstrate that significantly activates cortical subcortical arousal-promoting nuclei, with temporal association areas (TEa) serving as hub node, corroborating top-down anesthesia theory for dissociative anesthesia. contrast, nuclei in hypothalamus brainstem, locus coeruleus (LC) implying bottom-up mechanism anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Notably, coactivation arousal-related analgesia-related, neuroendocrine-related (e.g., prelimbic area (PL) infralimbic (ILA), anterior paraventricular nucleus (aPVT), Edinger-Westphal (EW), (LC), parabrachial (PB), solitary tract (NTS) by both anesthetics underscores features such unconsciousness, analgesia, autonomic regulation, irrespective specific molecular targets. conclusion, our results emphasize actions while also uncovering commonly activated regions, thus contributing advancement understanding underlying

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Alpha anteriorization and theta posteriorization during deep sleep DOI
Yue Cui,

Li Yu,

Qiqi Li

et al.

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Brain states (wake, sleep, general anesthesia, etc.) are profoundly associated with the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain oscillations. Previous studies showed that EEG alpha power shifted from occipital cortex to frontal (alpha anteriorization) after being induced into a state anesthesia via propofol. The sleep research literature suggests slow waves and spindles generated locally propagated gradually different regions. Since conceptualized under same framework consciousness, present study examines whether anteriorization similarly occurs during how in other frequency bands changes stages. results analysis three polysomnography datasets 234 participants show consistent stages N 2 3, beta stage REM , theta posteriorization 3. Although it is known neural circuits responsible for not exactly findings this suggest that, at macro level, oscillations organized similar cortical areas. spatial shifts may offer meaningful neurophysiological markers level consciousness.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The brain in chronic insomnia and anxiety disorder: a combined structural and functional fMRI study DOI Creative Commons

Minghe Xu,

Bo Li, Shuang Wang

et al.

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 4, 2024

Background Chronic insomnia disorder (CID) is usually associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), which may change brain structure and function. However, the possible markers, imaging characteristics, pathophysiology are unknown. Objective To look at probable pathogenesis of CID in combination GAD. Methods A total 57 patients concomitant GAD healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) functional connectivity (FC) utilized to measure gray matter volume (GMV) changes. Correlation analysis was identify relationships between changes clinical characteristics. Results Patients had decreased GMV left cerebellum, right cerebellar peduncle, insula; increased FC cerebellum angular gyrus, as well insula anterior cingulate gyrus; several areas, including middle gyrus superior postcentral gyrus. These related data could be used relevant features, better understand etiology. Conclusion The intensity strongly severity anxiety. lower interpreted an characteristic CID. Reduced insula, aberrant function prefrontal lobe, contribute Abnormal patients’ complaints.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
A neurofunctional signature of affective arousal generalizes across valence domains and distinguishes subjective experience from autonomic reactivity DOI Creative Commons

Ran Zhang,

Xianyang Gan, Ting Xu

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 22, 2024

Abstract Arousal is fundamental for affective experience and, together with valence, defines the core space. However, a precise brain model of arousal lacking, leading to continuing debates whether neural systems generalize across valence domains and are separable from those underlying autonomic arousal. Here, we combined naturalistic fMRI predictive modeling develop signature (BAAS, discovery-validation design, n = 96) demonstrate its (1) sensitivity generalizability mental processes domains, (2) distinction (18 studies, 735). Affective was encoded in distributed cortical (e.g., prefrontal regions, insula) subcortical amygdala, periaqueductal gray) systems. Given that high progressively overshadows specific emotions applied BAAS improve specificity established neuroaffective signatures. Our study provides biologically plausible aligns space has application potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Unconscious classification of quantitative electroencephalogram features from propofol versus propofol combined with etomidate anesthesia using one-dimensional convolutional neural network DOI Creative Commons

Pan Zhou,

Haixia Deng, Jie Zeng

et al.

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Objective Establishing a convolutional neural network model for the recognition of characteristic raw electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is crucial monitoring consciousness levels and guiding anesthetic drug administration. Methods This trial was conducted from December 2023 to March 2024. A total 40 surgery patients were randomly divided into either propofol group (1% injection, 10 mL: 100 mg) (P group) or propofol-etomidate combination mg, 0.2% etomidate 20 mixed at 2:1 volume ratio) (EP group). In P group, target-controlled infusion (TCI) employed sedation induction, with an initial effect site concentration set 5–6 μg/mL. The EP received intravenous push dosage 0.2 mL/kg. Six consciousness-related EEG features extracted both groups analyzed using four prediction models: support vector machine (SVM), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), artificial (ANN), one-dimensional (1D CNN). performance models evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score. Results power spectral density (94%) alpha/beta ratio (72%) demonstrated higher accuracy as indicators assessing consciousness. classification 1D CNN anesthesia-induced unconsciousness (97%) surpassed that SVM (83%), GNB (81%), ANN (83%) models, significance level p < 0.05. Furthermore, mean difference ± standard error primary values during induced period follows: delta (23.85 16.79, 7.055 0.817, 0.001), theta (10.74 8.743, 1.995 0.7045, 0.02), (24.31 19.72, 4.588 0.7107, 0.001). Conclusion Large slow-wave oscillations, density, are effective changes in anesthesia combination. These can aid anesthesiologists evaluating depth adjusting dosages accordingly. model, which incorporates features, represents promising tool anesthesia. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html .

Language: Английский

Citations

2