Astroglial Cells as Gonadal Hormone Targets: Mediators of Sex Differences in Development and Adulthood DOI Open Access
Gareth M. Rurak

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This doctoral thesis identifies sex differences in neocortical astroglial cells over development and delineates the role of masculinizing hormones inducing these differences. Furthermore, we identify astroglia gene protein expression patterns across estrous cycle adulthood. Astroglial have emerged as key regulators brain health disease, they are involved various aspects neurodevelopment, including organization, synapse maturation, blood-brain barrier development. Additionally, build, maintain, regulate neuronal networks through close modulation neurotransmission synaptic plasticity These studies utilized an Aldh1l1-L10a-eGFP mouse line translating ribosome affinity purification with RNA sequencing (TRAPseq) to investigate at six developmental time points during four different phases cycle. We found two distinct phenotypes: "early"/developmental phenotype a "late"/mature phenotype. Male mature more rapidly, reaching by postnatal day 7 (P7), than female astroglia, which reach between P7-P14. then investigated effects neonatal administration estradiol females, resulted changes rates maturation. During adulthood, there were no significant cell when females observed on metestrus, circulating levels ovarian lowest, however, cycle, proestrus phase being most from males. findings provide insight into suggest potential functional implications that may lead disparities neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders. As play crucial maintaining structural integrity brain, it is understand how gonadal influence their differentiation function. Further research needed fully specific 50 mechanisms underlie 51 contribute

Language: Английский

A concerted neuron–astrocyte program declines in ageing and schizophrenia DOI Creative Commons
Emi Ling,

James Nemesh,

Melissa Goldman

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 627(8004), P. 604 - 611

Published: March 6, 2024

Abstract Human brains vary across people and over time; such variation is not yet understood in cellular terms. Here we describe a relationship between people’s cortical neurons astrocytes. We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyse the prefrontal cortex of 191 human donors aged 22–97 years, including healthy individuals with schizophrenia. Latent-factor analysis these data revealed that, whose more strongly expressed genes encoding synaptic components, astrocytes distinct functions for synthesizing cholesterol, an astrocyte-supplied component membranes. call this neuron astrocyte program (SNAP). In schizophrenia ageing—two conditions that involve declines cognitive flexibility plasticity 1,2 —cells divested from SNAP: astrocytes, glutamatergic (excitatory) GABAergic (inhibitory) all showed reduced SNAP expression corresponding degrees. The astrocytic neuronal components both involved which genetic risk factors were concentrated. SNAP, varies quantitatively even among similar age, may underlie many aspects normal interindividual differences be important point convergence multiple kinds pathophysiology.

Language: Английский

Citations

54
Astrocyte ensembles manipulated with AstroLight tune cue-motivated behavior DOI
Irene Serra, C. Martín, Javier Sánchez Romero

et al.

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Sleep architecture and vitamin D in hypertensives with obstructive sleep apnea: A polysomnographic study DOI Creative Commons
Justyna Kanclerska,

Mieszko Wickiewicz,

Dorian Nowacki

et al.

Dental and Medical Problems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(1), P. 43 - 52

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Background.Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and arterial hypertension (AH) are closely linked disorders with common pathophysiological features.Objectives.The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between AH OSA by examining architecture, vitamin D concentration electrolyte levels in patients these coexisting conditions. Material methods.A total of 133 suspected having were recruited for examination.The participants divided into 2 groups: hypertensives (n = 52); normotensives 81).One full-night polysomnographic examinations conducted, followed statistical analysis collected data. Results.Hypertensive individuals displayed increased apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation (ODI), respiratory arousal (RAI), periodic limb movement (PLMI) as compared non-hypertensive individuals.Moreover, efficiency (SE), bruxism (BAI) saturation (SpO ) level decreased hypertensive group.In terms biochemical parameters, exhibited a lower magnesium (Mg) level, higher C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA) glucose.Notably, there no differences normotensive individuals. Conclusions.The explored potential influence calcium (Ca), Mg, D, UA concentrations on architecture comorbid OSA.The findings revealed several notable associations.Firstly, fragmentation correlated Ca suggesting role both arousals.Secondly, was AHI fragmentation.Additionally, alterations Mg observed among OSA.However, further research is needed fully comprehend impact factors apnea.

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Astrocytes in selective vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease DOI Creative Commons
Till S. Zimmer, Adam L. Orr, Anna G. Orr

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 289 - 302

Published: March 22, 2024

Selective vulnerability of specific brain regions and cell populations is a hallmark neurodegenerative disorders. Mechanisms selective involve neuronal heterogeneity, functional specializations, differential sensitivities to stressors pathogenic factors. In this review we discuss the growing body literature suggesting that, like neurons, astrocytes are heterogeneous specialized, respond integrate diverse inputs, induce effects on function. disease, undergo specific, context-dependent changes that promote different trajectories outcomes. We propose contribute through maladaptive transitions context-divergent phenotypes impair functions. Further studies multifaceted roles in disease may provide new therapeutic approaches enhance resilience against

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Norepinephrine Signals Through Astrocytes To Modulate Synapses DOI Creative Commons

Katheryn B. Lefton,

Yifan Wu, Allen Yen

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 22, 2024

Abstract Locus coeruleus (LC)-derived norepinephrine (NE) drives network and behavioral adaptations to environmental saliencies by reconfiguring circuit connectivity, but the underlying synapse-level mechanisms are elusive. Here, we show that NE remodeling of synaptic function is independent from its binding on neuronal receptors. Instead, astrocytic adrenergic receptors Ca 2+ dynamics fully gate effect synapses as astrocyte-specific deletion three astrocyte-silencing approaches all render insensitive NE. Additionally, find suppression strength results an ATP-derived adenosine A1 receptor-mediated control presynaptic efficacy. An accompanying study Chen et al. reveals existence analogous pathway in larval zebrafish highlights importance state transitions. Together, these findings fuel a new model wherein astrocytes core component neuromodulatory systems effector through which produces adaptations, challenging 80-year-old status quo.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Astrocytic chloride regulates brain function in health and disease DOI Creative Commons
Verena Untiet

Cell Calcium, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 118, P. 102855 - 102855

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Chloride ions (Cl−) play a pivotal role in synaptic inhibition the central nervous system, primarily mediated through ionotropic mechanisms. A recent breakthrough emphathizes significant influence of astrocytic intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) regulation, field still its early stages exploration. Typically, [Cl−]i most animal cells is maintained at lower levels than extracellular [Cl−]o, critical balance to prevent cell swelling due osmotic pressure. Various Cl− transporters are expressed differently across types, fine-tuning [Cl−]i, while gradients utilised by several families channels. Although passive distribution within governed basic biophysical principles, astrocytes actively expend energy sustain much higher those achieved passively, and neuronal [Cl−]i. Beyond volume dynamically linked brain states influences signalling behaving animals. As vital component function, also plays development disorders where inhibitory transmission disrupted. This review synthesises latest insights into elucidating modulating function implications various pathophysiological conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Elucidating hemodynamics and neuro-glio-vascular signaling using rodent fMRI DOI Creative Commons
Xiaoqing Zhou, Yuanyuan Jiang, L Gómez-Cid

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Despite extensive functional mapping studies using rodent magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), interpreting the fMRI signals in relation to their neuronal origins remains challenging due hemodynamic nature of response. Ultra high-resolution fMRI, beyond merely enhancing spatial specificity, has revealed vessel-specific responses, highlighting distinct contributions intracortical arterioles and venules signals. This 'single-vessel' approach shifts paradigm enabling its integration with other neuroimaging modalities investigate neuro-glio-vascular (NGV) signaling underlying a variety brain dynamics. Here, we review emerging trend combining multimodal opto/chemogenetic neuromodulation genetically encoded biosensors for cellular circuit-specific recording, offering unprecedented opportunities cross-scale dynamic models.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Mesoscale functional architecture in medial posterior parietal cortex DOI Open Access
Riichiro Hira, L. B. TOWNSEND, Ikuko T. Smith

et al.

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The posterior parietal cortex ( PPC ) in mice has various functions including multisensory integration 1–3 , vision-guided behaviors 4–6 working memory 7–13 and posture control 14,15 . However, an integrated understanding of these their cortical localizations around the higher visual areas HVAs ), not been completely elucidated. Here we simultaneously imaged activity thousands neurons within a 3 x mm 2 field-of-view, eight PPC, during behavior with two-photon mesoscope 16 Mice performed both task choice history-dependent task, imaging results revealed distinct, localized, behavior-related two medial areas. Neurons anteromedial AM HVA responded to vision information, thus is locus association between channels. By contrast, anterior A stores history sequential dynamics represents posture. Mesoscale correlation analysis on intertrial variability neuronal demonstrated that area shared fluctuations primary somatosensory area, while exhibited diverse, area-dependent interactions. Pairwise interarea interactions among were precisely predicted by anatomical input correlations, exception some global Thus, distinct modules, AM, which each have distinctive modes communication. These modules can serve separate higher-order functions: for transmission information posture, movement, memory; cognitive locally processed signals.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Mesoscale functional architecture in medial posterior parietal cortex DOI Open Access
Riichiro Hira, L. B. TOWNSEND, Ikuko T. Smith

et al.

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The posterior parietal cortex ( PPC ) in mice has various functions including multisensory integration 1–3 , vision-guided behaviors 4–6 working memory 7–13 and posture control 14,15 . However, an integrated understanding of these their cortical localizations around the higher visual areas HVAs ), not been completely elucidated. Here we simultaneously imaged activity thousands neurons within a 3 x mm 2 field-of-view, eight PPC, during behavior with two-photon mesoscope 16 Mice performed both task choice history-dependent task, imaging results revealed distinct, localized, behavior-related two medial areas. Neurons anteromedial AM HVA responded to vision information, thus is locus association between channels. By contrast, anterior A stores history sequential dynamics represents posture. Mesoscale correlation analysis on intertrial variability neuronal demonstrated that area shared fluctuations primary somatosensory area, while exhibited diverse, area-dependent interactions. Pairwise interarea interactions among were precisely predicted by anatomical input correlations, exception some global Thus, distinct modules, AM, which each have distinctive modes communication. These modules can serve separate higher-order functions: for transmission information posture, movement, memory; cognitive locally processed signals.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
In Vivo Assessment of Cortical Astrocyte Network Dysfunction During Autoimmune Demyelination: Correlation With Disease Severity DOI

A. Moreno‐García,

Ramón Serrat,

Francisca Julio‐Kalajzić

et al.

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Cortical damage and dysfunction is a pathological hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) that correlates with the severity physical cognitive disability. Astrocytes participate in MS pathobiology through variety mechanisms, abnormal astrocytic calcium signaling has been pointed as pathogenic mechanism cortical MS. However, vivo evidence supporting deregulation astrocyte calcium‐dependent mechanisms still limited. Here, we applied fiber photometry to longitudinal analysis spontaneous sensory‐evoked network activity somatosensory cortex mice an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found freely moving EAE exhibit spontaneously occurring signals increased duration reduced amplitude. Concomitantly, astrocytes responded sensory stimulation events decreased The emergence aberrant paralleled onset neurological symptomatology, changes amplitude both evoked responses were selectively correlated deficits. These results highlight imbalance brain during inflammation further support relevance astrocyte‐based underlying image

Language: Английский

Citations

0