Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1530 - 1530

Published: April 17, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second cause of mortality worldwide. There are disparities in epidemiology CRC across different populations, probably due to differences exposure lifestyle environmental factors related CRC. Prevention effective method for controlling Primary prevention includes determining avoiding modifiable risk (e.g., alcohol consumption, smoking, dietary factors) as well increasing protective physical activity, aspirin). Further studies, especially randomized, controlled trials, needed clarify association between incidence or factors. Detection removal precancerous colorectal lesions also an strategy Multiple factors, both at individual community levels patient preferences, availability screening modalities, costs, benefits, adverse events), should be taken into account designing implementing programs. Health policymakers consider best decision identifying starting age selection strategies target population. This review aims present updated evidence on epidemiology,

Language: Английский

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Exploring the gut microbiome’s role in colorectal cancer: diagnostic and prognostic implications

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

The intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC) presents novel avenues for early diagnosis prognosis, crucial improving patient outcomes. This comprehensive review synthesizes current findings on microbiome's contribution to CRC pathogenesis, highlighting its potential as a biomarker non-invasive screening strategies. We explore mechanisms through which influences CRC, including roles in inflammation, metabolism, immune response modulation. Furthermore, we assess viability of microbial signatures predictive tools offering insights into personalized treatment approaches. Our analysis underscores necessity advanced metagenomic studies elucidate complex microbiome-CRC nexus, aiming refine diagnostic accuracy prognostic assessment clinical settings. propels forward understanding capabilities, paving way microbiome-based interventions management.

Language: Английский

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Allura Red AC is a xenobiotic. Is it also a carcinogen?

Carcinogenesis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(10), P. 711 - 720

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Abstract Merriam-Webster and Oxford define a xenobiotic as any substance foreign to living systems. Allura Red AC (a.k.a., E129; FD&C No. 40), synthetic food dye extensively used in manufacturing ultra-processed foods therefore highly prevalent our supply, falls under this category. The surge consumption during the 70s 80s was followed by an epidemic of metabolic diseases emergence early-onset colorectal cancer 1990s. This temporal association raises significant concerns, particularly given widespread inclusion dyes products, notably those marketed toward children. Given its interactions with key contributors carcinogenesis such inflammatory mediators, microbiome, DNA damage, there is growing interest understanding AC’s potential impact on colon health putative carcinogen. review discusses history AC, current research effects rectum, mechanisms underlying health, provides future considerations. Indeed, although no governing agencies classify carcinogen, interaction guardians makes it suspect worthy further molecular investigation. goal inspire into health.

Language: Английский

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Reserpine Ameliorates 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced Colon Cancer Through Regulating Xenobiotic Enzymes and Bax/Caspases/Bcl-2-mediated Apoptotic Mechanisms in Rats

Pharmacognosy Magazine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

Background Colon cancer is a significant public health issue, known as major cause of cancer-associated mortalities globally. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that direct onset colon necessary to develop novel therapeutic targets. Purpose This study was dedicated studying anti-cancer properties reserpine against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated in rats. Methods In present work, triggered rats by administration DMH and thereafter treated with prior throughout administration. After completing treatments, alterations body weight were assessed. The levels inflammatory cytokines, oxidative markers, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, tumor apoptotic proteins carefully analyzed using commercial kits. mucosa subjected histopathological studies. Results current results proved significantly increased DMH-administered substantially diminished stress, regulated cytokine levels, inhibited AKT/mTOR axis DMH-induced Furthermore, also activities enzymes protein reduced markers analysis witnessed roles reserpine. Conclusion work shows exhibits effects These findings demonstrate has capacity an agent treat cancer.

Language: Английский

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Risk Factors and Prevention of Cancer and CVDs: A Chicken and Egg Situation

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 3083 - 3083

Published: April 29, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the two primary causes of mortality worldwide. Although traditionally regarded as distinct pathologies, they share numerous pathophysiological mechanisms risk factors, including chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic dysregulation. Notably, several cancers have been identified closely linked to cardiovascular diseases, lung, breast, prostate, colorectal cancers, well hematological malignancies, such leukemia lymphoma. Additionally, renal pancreatic exhibit a significant association with complications, partly due shared factors cardiotoxic effects therapies. Addressing overlapping through lifestyle modifications-such regular physical activity, balanced diet, cessation smoking alcohol-has proven effective in reducing both CV oncological morbidity mortality. Furthermore, even patients established cancer, structured interventions targeting nutritional optimization, associated improved outcomes. Beyond modifications, pharmacological strategies play crucial role prevention diseases. Several medications, statins, aspirin, beta-blockers, metformin, pleiotropic that extend beyond their indications, demonstrating potential anti-neoplastic properties preclinical observational studies. Recently, novel therapeutic agents garnered attention for possible cardioprotective benefits. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), initially developed managing type 2 diabetes, shown protective effects, alongside emerging evidence modulating cancer-related pathways. Inclisiran, small interfering RNA PCSK9, effectively lowers LDL cholesterol may contribute risk, implications tumor biology. sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, has revolutionized heart failure management by improving hemodynamic parameters exerting anti-inflammatory broader disease prevention. Given intricate interplay between CVD further research is essential clarify exact linking these conditions assessing therapies This review aims examine consider interventions, emphasize epidemiological mechanistic insights into intersection health.

Language: Английский

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Neighborhood violence, hair cortisol, and perceived stress among Black men living in a large urban city

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107478 - 107478

Published: May 1, 2025

Exposure to social stress, such as neighborhood violence, affects the body's psychoneuroendocrinology, contributing multiple chronic diseases. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a novel proxy measure of stress response. While Black Americans are exposed at higher level, association between violence exposure and HCC has not been extensively examined in older men. Intersectionality race, gender, class may disproportionately affect men thus, elevated HCC. aged 45 were recruited from four barbershops predominantly communities Chicago. samples collected by barbers for HCC, set survey questions concerning perceived fear crime along with demographic characteristics residential community area. Using area, homicide poverty rates appended. Descriptive statistics two-level hierarchical regression used examine individual- neighborhood-level factors. A total 127 participants included final analytic sample. The mean was 22.3 pg/mg those living lowest quartile rates, while 40.2 residing highest areas. Log-HCC significantly correlated rate (r = .264, P < .01) .195, p .028) but .100, .508) or .124, .136). Multilevel models showed that log-HCC compared (p .01), controlling age, being current smoker, married, unemployed, exposure, measures. neighborhoods high violence. study highlights how men, particularly segregated urban areas, experience disproportionate stressors findings demonstrate positions compound systemic inequities, which results risk mental physical health conditions.

Language: Английский

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Association between plant-based dietary patterns and cognitive function in middle-aged and older residents of China

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

Plant-based diets may protect against cognitive impairment; however, observational data have not been consistent.

Language: Английский

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